Revisiting History: Sorayya Khan’s Amorphous Noor and Memory

Authors

  • Archana Katariya Department of Languages, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Author
  • Priyanka Chaudhary Department of Languages, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61841/tdykqf92

Keywords:

Bangladesh Liberation War, Historical Narrative, Nationalism, Noor, Retrieval of Memory, Sorayya Khan, Traumatic Past

Abstract

The one duty we owe to history is to rewrite it." – Oscar Wilde

 

‘The political is personal’; polity shapes all individuals for Sorayya Khan. History and politics are the superstructures that determine our affiliation and resistance among characters. The essay deciphers how the individual and collective decisions are shaped and affected by larger structures of polity and history. The novel opens with ‘words from Kashmiri poet Agha Shahid Ali: Your history gets in the way of my memory’. .Khan’s effort, in this novel, to shatter the implicit silence amid Pakistan nation-state and explore the gloomy legacy of Pakistanis through the uncanny and unerring art of eponymous Noor, not only implies to Ali and Sajida but also unlocks the ideology, hierarchy and politics within the boundaries of nationalism. The ‘memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present’ (Sternberg, 1999), which assists to resolve the unspoken stagnancy in the familial relations. This essay explores how individual memory grows into collective memory by leading the path of episodic memory, post-traumatic stress disorder and dreams to answer the marginal sufferers and the deeds carried out in nation-states as an exponential hierarchy. Concluding an in-depth study of the novel in light of the Bangladesh 1971 Liberation War and the theme of memory, this essay examines the textual and historical relationship, tracing the shift from the official national narrative to the psychological and directing the path from personal memory of community actions is logged into the larger collective memory of the country. In this analysis, how the trauma and its memory of 1971 inhabits, retrieved, both within and outside the individual to reconcile to familial relations and identity of a nation-state. Individual preferences are overshadowed by political existences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Anderson, Benedict. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso. pp. 6-7. ISBN 978-0-86091-546-1

2. Arrigo, J. M., & Pezdek, K. (1997). Lessons From the Study of Psychogenic Amnesia. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6(5), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772916

3. Brewin, C. R. (2015). Re-experiencing traumatic events in PTSD: new avenues in on research intrusive memories and flashbacks. European Journal of Psych traumatology, 6(27180). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.27180

4. BROWNMILLER, SUSAN (1993). Against Our Will: Man Woman and Rape (June, Vol. 10). New York, United State: Ballantine Books. doi: ISBN: 0-449-90820-8

5. Chakrabarti, P. (2013). 11th Global Conference-Violence. In Women’s bodies, Men’s war: The Political Economy of Military Rape and Gender Violence (pp. 1–3). Prague: Czech Republic.

6. Chakrabarti, P., & Pal, S. (2012). Mumbai. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/161235

7. Cilano, C. (2011) National Identities in Pakistan: The 1971 War in Contemporary Pakistani Fiction. London and New York: Routledge.

8. Freud, S. (1957). Repression. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 146–158). London: Hogarth

9. Hall, S. (1996) ‘The Question of Cultural Identity’. In Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies. Ed. by Hall, S., Held, D., Hubert, D., and Thompson, K. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 596–632

10. Hajiyeva, M. (2016). Pakistani English Literature in Multicultural Context. Journal of Research (Humanities), V(LII), 133–144.

11. HIRSCH, MARIANNE (2012). The Generation of Post memory: Writing and Visual Culture After the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press. doi: 10.7312/hirs15652

12. Hunt, N. (2010). Approaches to understanding trauma. In Memory, War and Trauma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511845017.006.

13. Ishtiyaque, F. (2016). Suturing The Memories Of The Liberation War 1971: The Narrative Poetics Of Sorayya Khan’s NOOR. European Journal of English Studies, 19(3), 301–314. doi: org/10.1080/13825577.2015.1091226.

14. Kassab, H. S. (2016). The Power of Emotion in Politics, Philosophy, and Ideology[ebook] (first). doi: 10.1007/978-1-137-59352-8

15. Khan, S. (2006). Noor. Wilmington, North Carolina, USA: The Publishing Laboratory.

16. Khan, S. (2015). The Silence and Forgetting That Wrote NOOR. Journal of Narrative Politics, 1(2), 121–132.

17. Laney, C., & Loftus, E. F. (2005). Traumatic Memories Are Not Necessarily Accurate Memories. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(13), 823–828. doi: 10.77/070674370505001303

18. Martin, O., & Josep, C. (2013). Episodic Memory: a comparative approach. Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience, 7(63), 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00063

19. Nora, P. (1989). Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representations, (26), 7–24. doi: 10.2307/2928520 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928520

20. Patil, V. V. (2013). War and Politics in the Novels of Pakistani Women Writers. Journal of Higher Education and Research Society: A Refereed International, 1(1), 1–11.

21. Rahman, M. (2005, August). Noor: Casting Light on History. Solidarity. Retrieved from https://solidarity-us.org/atc/117/p269/

22. Sehole, R. S. (2014). Landscape: Psychological, geographical and cultural nexuses. International Journal of English and Literature, 5(3), 67–70. doi: 10.5897/IJEL12.043

23. Smith, A. D. (1999) Myths and Memories of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

24. Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Cognitive psychology (2 nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

25. Turshen, M. (2001). The Political Economy of Rape: An Analysis of Systematic Rape and Sexual Abuse of Women During Armed Conflict in Africa. In Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence (pp. 55–68). London: Victors, Zed Books.

26. Turshen, M. (2001). The Political Economy of Rape: An Analysis of Systematic Rape and Sexual Abuse of Women During Armed Conflict in Africa. In Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence (pp. 62). London: Victors, Zed Books

27. Zobair, A. A. (n.d.). Bangladesh Liberation war 1971. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/37201092/Liberation_War_of_Bangladesh

Downloads

Published

31.10.2020

How to Cite

Katariya, A., & Chaudhary, P. (2020). Revisiting History: Sorayya Khan’s Amorphous Noor and Memory. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(8), 13448-13450. https://doi.org/10.61841/tdykqf92