Correction retraction policy

IJPR follows COPE's guidelines on corrections and retractions to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the published scholarly record.

Corrections (Errata / Corrigenda)

A correction is issued when an error is identified that does not undermine the overall validity or conclusions of the article — for example:

An author's name, affiliation, or contact detail is incorrect
A figure, table, or data point contains a minor transcription error
A citation is missing or incorrectly formatted

A correction notice is published as a separate, linked document, describing the error and the correct information. The original article is updated with a clear note pointing to the correction; the original text is not silently altered.

Retractions

A retraction is issued when the integrity of the published work is seriously compromised, including:

Confirmed research or publication misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism)
Major errors that invalidate the article's conclusions
Redundant or duplicate publication without proper disclosure
Unethical research (e.g., lack of appropriate ethical approval)

A retraction notice is published, linked to the original article, explaining the specific reason for retraction and who requested it (authors, editors, or institution). The original article remains accessible online but is clearly watermarked or labeled as "RETRACTED."

Expressions of Concern

Where credible concerns have been raised about an article but the investigation is not yet complete — for example, pending institutional inquiry — an expression of concern may be published in the interim, alerting readers to the ongoing review.

Who Can Request a Correction or Retraction

Requests may originate from authors, readers, reviewers, editors, or institutions. All requests are evaluated by the editorial team following the investigation process described in the Publication Ethics and Misconduct Policy.