Impact of mental health problems on covid 19 patients from an Islamic perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/0pn77388Keywords:
Heart Diseases of Mental Health, Islamic Perspective, Problematic Behaviors, Psychology of Religion, COVID-19 pandemicAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis affecting several nations, with over 3,218,410 cases and 230,309 confirmed deaths reported to date. Such widespread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences. Keeping this in mind, existing literature on the COVID-19 outbreak pertinent to mental health was retrieved via a literature search of the PubMed database. Published articles were classified according to their overall themes and summarized. Doubt is a delicate whisper that persuades to do evil to God in time of COVID 19 disease. This subtle whisper can make an impact on one's heart. The whisper is very dangerous if one is often missed remembrance of God and asks for help from Him. Once the devil had taken control of one's heart and soul, a whisper would be difficult to handle and eventually lost to the whisper said. It is deviated from the teachings of Islam, whether through words, actions, and movements. At-tustari explains every past thought, whether good or bad without affecting a person is not a doubt. It is indeed everything that is done without God s.w.t; it is called the doubtful; and anyone who wants the world but does not succeed, it is also called a doubt. The cause of a doubt is triggered by angry feelings, which eventually become a disadvantage. Therefore, your heart should always be with God in all matters such as relating to food, drink, gifts, and other requests, which will give you a peace of mind to calm of stress in COVID 19 disease. According to Dr Kamal Gaffar, doubt doubts are divided into two forms; one of them is from the soul (can be removed from the heart) and one from the devil (can be eliminated through remembrance of Ar-Rahman).
Downloads
References
1. Al-Qur’an al-Karim – Tafsir Pimpinan al-Rahman kepada Pengertian al-Qur’an. (1988) Terj. Abdullah
Basmeih. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Hal Ehwal Islam, Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
2. Ab Rahman, Z., Ismail, A. B., Sheikh Abdullah, S. N. H., Paizi@Fauzi, W. F. & Mohd. Suradi, N. R., (2018).
Developing Self-Identity among Teens Towards Personal Empowerment. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology. 9(13), 674-684.
3. Ab Rahman, Z., Long, A. S., Salleh, K., Awang, J. & Subhi, N., (2018). Application of Islamic Spiritual
Approaches in Treating Problematic Behaviors Among Teenagers in Risk. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology. 9(6)1237-1246.
4. Al-Qur’an al-Karim – Tafsir Pimpinan al-Rahman kepada Pengertian al-Qur’an. (1988) Terj. [ ] Abdullah
Basmeih. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Hal Ehwal Islam, Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
5. Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani and Zaizul Ab Rahman (2018). An Overview Of Human Nature
(Fitrah) And Liberalisme In Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 11, p. 415–424.
6. Ahmad, M. Y., Mohamad, M. N., Muda, M. Z., Jamsari, E. A., Wan Hassan, W. Z. & Mohd Kashim, M. I. A.
(2018). Confronting the problem of managing unclaimed inheritance property of muslims in Malaysia In :
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9, 4, p. 1459-1466 8 p.
7. Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahadmed Sarjoon Razick & Kamarudin Salleh (2017). Muslim
Socio-culture and Majority-Minority Relations in recent Sri Lanka. Journal of Politics and Law; 10(2),105-113.
8. Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Sabri Mohamad Sharif, Kamarudin
Salleh and Najwa Amalina Abdul Wahab (2019). Islamic Values In Sustainable Tourism: An Applicable
Methods.
Communications on Stochastic Analysis, 13(8) (Special Issue 2019), 51-60.
9. Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar, Sabri Mohamad Sharif, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Mohd Najib
Abd. Kadir, Mazlan Ibrahim (2019). Touch-Based System and Development of Braille Writing System.
Communications on Stochastic Analysis. 13(8), (Special Issue 2019), 123-132.
10. Al-Muslim Mustapa, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Mohamad Zulkifli Abdul Ghani, Mohd Faizulamri Mohd Saad &
Faizol Azham Mohamed (2018). Qiraahbot's Prototype Development for An Extensive Reading Activity.
International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 9, p.
1494 - 1503.
11. Ahmad, M. Y., Mohamad, M. N., Muda, M. Z., Jamsari, E. A., Wan Hassan, W. Z. & Mohd Kashim, M. I.
A. (2018). Confronting the problem of managing unclaimed inheritance property of muslims in Malaysia In :
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9, 4, p. 1459-1466 8 p.
12. Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani and Zaizul Ab Rahman (2018). An Overview Of Human Nature
(Fitrah) And Liberalisme In Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 11, p. 415–424.
13. Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani and Zaizul Ab Rahman (2018). An Overview Of Human Nature
(Fitrah) And Liberalisme In Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 11, p. 415–424.
14. Ahmad, M. Y., Mohamad, M. N., Muda, M. Z., Jamsari, E. A., Wan Hassan, W. Z. & Mohd Kashim, M. I.
A. (2018). Confronting the problem of managing unclaimed inheritance property of muslims in Malaysia In :
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 9, 4, p. 1459-1466 8 p.
15. Altamura, A. C., Dell’osso, B., D’Urso, N., Russo, M., Fumagalli, S., & Mundo, E. (2008). Duration of
untreated illness as a predictor of treatment response and clinical course in generalized anxiety disorder. CNS
Spectrums, 13, 415– 422.
16. Al-Muslim Mustapa, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Mohamad Zulkifli Abdul Ghani, Mohd Faizulamri Mohd Saad &
Faizol Azham Mohamed (2018). Qiraahbot's Prototype Development for An Extensive Reading Activity.
International Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 9, p.
1494 - 1503.
17. Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahadmed Sarjoon Razick & Kamarudin Salleh (2017). Muslim
Socio-culture and Majority-Minority Relations in recent Sri Lanka. Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 10, No. 2;
2017 pages 105-113.
18. Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (2005). Have there been any changes in the public’s attitudes towards
psychiatric treatment? Results from representative population surveys in Germany in the years 1990and 2001.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111, 68 –73. doi:10.1111/ j.1600-0447.2004.00441.
19. Adhikari, S.P., Meng, S., Wu, Y.-J., Mao, Y.-P., Ye, R.-X., Wang, Q.-Z., Sun, C., Sylvia, S., Asmundson,
G.J.G., Taylor, S., 2020a. Coronaphobia: fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. J. Anxiety Disord. 70, 102196 [Epub
ahead of print].
22. Asmundson, G.J.G., Taylor, S., (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-
19: what all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J. Anxiety Disord.
71, 102211 [Epub ahead of print].
23. Banerjee, D., (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian J. Psychiatr. 51,
102014 [Epub ahead of print].
24. Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., Lu, L., (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower
society. Lancet 22 (395), e37–e38.
25. Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Z.,
(2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry 7 (4),
e15–e16.
27. Dong, L., Bouey, J., (2020). Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, China. Emerg. Infect.
Dis. 23 (26). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200407. [Epub ahead of print].
29. Battaglia, J., Coverdale, J., & Bushong, C. (1990). Evaluation of a Mental Illness Awareness Week program
in public schools. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 324 –329. British Columbia Ministry of Health
Services, Department of Mental Health and Addictions. (2003). Development of a mental health and addictions information plan for mental health literacy 2003–2005. Vancouver, BC, Canada: British Columbia Ministry of
Health Services.
30. Burns, J. R., & Rapee, R. M. (2006). Adolescent mental health literacy: Young people’s knowledge of
depression and help seeking. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 225–239. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.05.004
31. Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2008). Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of
Psychology, 59, 301–328. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650
32. Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Jorm, A. F. (2004). Delivering interventions for depression by using the
Internet: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 328, 265–269. doi:10.1136/
bmj.37945.566632.EE
33. Christensen, H., Leach, L. S., Barney, L., Mackinnon, A. J., & Griffiths, K. M. (2006). The effect of web
based depression interventions on self reported help seeking: Randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 6,
1–11. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-6-13
34. Hoesni, S. M., Hashim, I. H. M. & Ab Rahman, Z. (2012). A Preliminary Study: What Is Love in a
Marriage?. Asian Social Science Vol. 8, No. 9; July 2012. Pages 57-65.
35. Mohamad, A. B., Sidik, N. M., Omar, A. F., Mohd Kashim, M. I. A. & Nor, A. H. M. (2012). Changing in
the aspect of nature and name (Istihalah): Its point of view in the Islamic law, In : Research Journal of Applied
Sciences. 7, 2, p. 113-118 6 p.
36. Mohd Noor, A. Y., (2012). The intellect of traditional Muslim theologians in dealing with the scientific
exegesis. International Journal of the Humanities. 9, 11, p. 101-110 10 p.
37. Mohd Noor, A. Y., Al-Halbusi, S. J. A. & Mokhtar, A. M., (2017). Methods Of Preventives To Keep Birth
Control In The Quran. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7, 2, p. 204-212 9 p.
38. Mohd Noor, A. Y. & Shah, N. A. M., (2017). Islamic Tourism in Langkawi Island: Enhancing Sustainability
of Islamic Value. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. 15, 24, p. 59-71 13 p.
39. Mohd Noor, A. Y., Abdul Wahab, N. & Mokhtar, A. M. (2017). Fenomena Jerebu antara Perspektif Quran
dan Sains Moden. Sains Malaysiana. 46, 10, p. 1743-1748 6 p.
40. Muhammad Husni, A., Nasohah, Z. & Mohd Kashim, M. I. A., Problem of domestic violence and its
solutions in the light of Maqasid Shariah (2015). In : Asian Social Science. 11, 22, p. 33-42 10 p.
41. Mujib, A. 1999. Fitrah dan Kepribadian Islam, Sebuah Pendekatan Psikologis. Jakarta: Darul Falah.
42. Mujib, A. & Mudzakkir, J. 2001. Nuansa-Nuansa Psikologi Islam. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
43. Mulyomartono, S. & Hasyim, A. D. 1995. Nafsiologi: Refleksi Analisis tentang Diri dan Tingkah Laku
Manusia. Surabaya: Risalah Gusti.
44. Nashori, H. F. 2002. Agenda Psikologi Islami. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
45. Mutsalim Khareng, Jaffary Awang, Rohanee Machae, Zaizul Ab Rahman & Khaidzir Ismail (2016). Issues in
Freedom of Religion and the Relationship with Thailand’s Constitution. Mediterranean Journal of Social
Sciences, Vol 7 No 4. Page 287-294.
46. Norashibah Hj Besar, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Nozira Salleh & Nur Farhana Abdul
Rahman (2018). Level Of Developing A Nation Concept By Country Devoted To God Approach. International
Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p. 1995-2002.
47. Nurul Alieya Binti Zakaria, Nozira Salleh, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Wan Haslan Khairuddin & Ahmad Yunus
Mohd Noor (2018). As-Sama’ Dhikr Dance: An Analysis Based On The Views Of Islamic Scholars. International
Journal of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 8, p. 1132-1139.
48. Siti Nur Najiah binti Adnan, Jaffary Awang, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Mazlan Ibrahim, Ahmad Sunawari Long,
Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman, Muhammed bin Yusof, Shahrulanuar bin Mohamed. (2018). The 'Umran Al 'Alam
Theory's Approach To The Social Smart City Ethical. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p. 269–277.
49. Pescosolido, B. A., Jensen, P. S., Martin, J. K., Perry, B. L., Olafsdottir, S., & Fettes, D. (2008). Public
knowledge and assessment of child mental health problems: Findings from the National Stigma Study— Children.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 339 –349.
doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e318160e3a0
50. Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Long, J. S., Medina, T. R., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2010). “A disease
like any other”? A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol dependence.
The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1321–1330. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09121743
51. Petersen, I., Lund, C., & Stein, D. J. (2011). Optimizing mental health services in low-income and middleincome countries. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 318 –323. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283477afb
52. Pinto-Foltz, M. D., Logsdon, M. C., & Myers, J. A. (2011). Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a
knowledge-contact program to reduce mental illness stigma and improve mental health literacy in adolescents.
Social Science & Medicine, 72, 2011–2019. doi:10.1016/ j.socscimed.2011.04.006
53. Pyne, J. M., Rost, K. M., Farahati, F., Tripathi, S. P., Smith, J., Williams, D. K., . . . Coyne, J. C. (2005). One
size fits some: The impact of patient treatment attitudes on the cost-effectiveness of a depression primarycare
intervention. Psychological Medicine, 35, 839 – 854. doi:10.1017/ S0033291704003332
54. Rafiza Mohamed, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman &Jaffary Awang. (2018). Ngo Social
Interaction Concept To Deliver Kuala Lumpur Homeless, International Journal Of Civil Engineering And
Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication. Volume 9 Issue 6 p. 1456–1463
55. Razali, W. M. F. A. W., Mohd Noor, A. Y. & Awang, J., (2017). The Fourth Source: Isrā'iliyyāt And The
Use Of The Bible In Muslim Scholarship. Reading the Bible in Islamic Context: Qur'anic Conversations. Taylor
and Francis, p. 104-115 12 p.
56. Rahman, A., Mubbashar, M. H., Gater, R., & Goldberg, D. (1998). Randomised trial of impact of school
mental-health programme in rural Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The Lancet, 352, 1022–1025. doi:10.1016/ S0140-
6736(98)02381-2
57. Rahman, Z.A., Kadir, F.A.A., Mansor, N.H., Razick, A.S., Yusoff, H.B.M. (2018). Internal and External
Factors of Mental Health Disorders in a Healthy Sustainable Soul According to Islamic Psychotherapy in Smart
Campus Perspective, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.
9(13), 635-644.
58. Rahman, Z.A., Mahmud, S.N.D.B., Ahmed, A., Kayo, I., Razick, A.S. (2018), Khuluqiyah Intelligence as
Righteous in the Behavior and Honorable in Smart Campus Perspective, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication, 9 (13), 645-654.
59. Rahman, Z.A., Amat, S., Othman, J., Khareng, M., Zarkavi, A.A. (2018), Qur'an Recitation Produce
Potential Prevention, Protection and Cure of Psychological Disease, International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication, 9 (13), 655-664.
60. Rahman, Z.A., Aziz, A., Hallaq, W., Abdul Kadir, F.A., Pa’ad, N.S (2018). Islamic Temperature Methods of
Soul Interruption (Mental Health Symptoms), International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication,, 9 (13), 665-673.
61. Rahman, Z.A., Ismail, A.B., Abdullah, S.N.H.S., Fauzi, W.F., Suradi, N.R.B.M. (2018), Developing SelfIdentity among Teens Towards Personal Empowerment, International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication, 9 (13), 674-684.
62. Rahman, Z.A., Othman, J., Avicienna, M., Qingguo, X., Gregory, S. (2018), The Role of Khuluqiyah
Intelligence on Action, Behavior and Attitude, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
(IJCIET). IAEME Publication, 9 (13), 685-693.
63. Rahman, Z.A., Long, A.S., Salleh, K., Awang, J., Subhi, N. (2018). Application of Islamic Spiritual
Approaches in Treating Problematic Behaviors Among Teenagers in Risk International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication. 9(6), 1237-1246.
64. Rahman, Z.A., Awang, J., Ibrahim, M., (...), Kadir, F.A.A., Mohamed, S.B. (2018). Element of Silent
Repetition of Prayers and Self-Reflection or Introspection Approaches in Coping Problematic Behaviors Among
Adolescents. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication. 9(7), 261-
268.
Reavley, N. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2011). The quality of mental disorder information websites: A review. Patient
Education and Counseling, 85, e16 – e25. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.015
65. Riedel-Heller, S. G., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2005). Mental disorders—who and what might
help?: Help-seeking and treatment preferences of the lay public. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,
40, 167–174. doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0863-8
66. Rosenberg, L. (2011). Mental health first aid: A “radical efficiency” in health promotion. The Journal of
Behavioral Health Services & Research, 38, 143–145. doi:10.1007/s11414-011-9236-0
20. Rozelle, S., Raat, H., Zhou, H., 2020. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis,
prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review.
Infect. Dis. Poverty 17 (9), 29.
67. Ryan, S. M., Jorm, A. F., & Lubman, D. I. (2010). Parenting factors associated with reduced adolescent
alcohol use: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44,
774 –783. doi:10.1080/00048674.2010.501759
68. Sadek, N., & Bona, J. (2000). Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: A new concept. Depression and
Anxiety, 12, 30 –39. doi:10.1002/1520- 6394(2000)12:130::AID-DA43.0.CO;2-P Schomerus, G., Angermeyer,
M. C., Matschinger, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2008). Public attitudes towards prevention of depression. Journal
of Affective Disorders, 106, 257–263. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.013
69. Schomerus, G., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2006). Preferences of the public regarding cutbacks
in expenditure for patient care: Are there indications of discrimination against those with mental disorders?
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 369 –377. doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0029-8.
70. Ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., Ormel, J., Vilagut, G., Kovess, V., & Alonso, J. (2010). Are attitudes towards
mental health help-seeking associated with service use? Results from the European study of epidemiology of
mental disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 153–163. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0050-4
71. The Scottish Government. (2003). National programme for improving mental health and well-being: Action
plan 2003–2006. Edinburgh, Scotland: Author.
72. Thompson, A., Issakidis, C., & Hunt, C. (2008). Delay to seek treatment for anxiety and mood disorders in
an Australian clinical sample. Behaviour Change, 25, 71– 84. doi:10.1375/bech.25.2.71
73. Wang, J., Adair, C., Fick, G., Lai, D., Evans, B., Perry, B. W., . . . Addington, D. (2007). Depression literacy
in Alberta: Findings from a general population sample. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry/La revue canadienne de
psychiatrie, 52, 442– 449. Wang, P. S., Angermeyer, M., [74] Borges, G., Bruffaerts, R., Chiu, W. T., de
Girolamo, G., . . . U¨ stu¨n, T. B. (2007). Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of mental
disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry, 6, 177–
185. World Health Organization. (2008). The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, Switzerland:
Author.
75. Wright, A., Harris, M. G., Wiggers, J. H., Jorm, A. F., Cotton, S. M., Harrigan, S. M., . . . McGorry, P. D.
(2005). Recognition of depression and psychosis by young Australians and their beliefs about treatment. Medical
Journal of Australia, 183, 18 –23.
76. Wright, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2009). Labels used by young people to describe mental disorders: Factors
associated with their development. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 946 –955.
doi:10.1080/00048670903179129
77. Wright, A., Jorm, A. F., Harris, M. G., & McGorry, P. D. (2007). What’s in a name? Is accurate recognition
and labelling of mental disorders by young people associated with better help-seeking and treatment
preferences? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, 244 – 250. doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0156-x
78. Yap, M. B. H., Wright, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2011). First aid actions taken by young people for mental
disorders in a close friend or family member: Findings from a national survey of Australian youth. Psychiatry
Research, 188, 123–128. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.014
79. Zaizul Ab. Rahman, Mohd Nasir Omar, (2017). Yahya Ibn Adi Perspective on Islamic Psychotherapy.
Proceeding International Conference on Sociality and Humanities, 973-982.
80. Zaizul Ab Rahman, Fauziah Ibrahim & Nasrudin Subhi (2018). Faktor Keagamaan yang Mempengaruhi
Semangat Perpaduan dalam Kalangan Remaja yang Tinggal di Kawasan Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR).
Global Journal Al Thaqafah (GJAT), 8(1), 103-114.
81. Zaizul Ab Rahman, Salleh Amat, Jaizah Othman, Mutsalim Khareng and Ali Asghar Zarkavi (2018),
Qur'an Recitation Produce Potential Prevention, Protection and Cure of Psychological Disease, International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication, Volume 9 Issue 13, pp. 655-664.
82. Zakaria Stapa. (2012) Pendekatan Tasawuf dan Tarekat Wadah Pemerkasaan Jati Diri Ummah. Bangi:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
83. Zell, A. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2013). How Religion Can Support Self-Control and Moral
Behavior. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (p.
498–516). The Guilford Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
