Transformational Leadership, Affective Commitment, And Mediating-Analysis of Individual’s Work Performance Moderated by Personal Characteristic; Work Duration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/kmd1ar39Keywords:
transformational leaderhsip, affective commitment, individual’s work performance, personal characteristicAbstract
Transformational leadership plays role in improving individual’s work performance by the influences of an ideal leader, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration, either directly or indirectly. In addition, it is also influenced by either direct or indirect affective commitment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the transformational leadership on the individual’s work performance mediated by affective commitment and moderated by personal characteristic; work duration, both partially and simultaneously. The respondent participated in this study is a group of people who work as production operator in a manufacturer in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents and finally obtained 200 samples. The analysis process in this study applied the Structural Equation Model. The result of this study shows that the individual’s work performance is affected by the affective commitment. In addition, the employee’s emotional bonding has grown as the result of the effect of the leadership style and organization that are able to build their trust. The management is able to make the employees feel appreciated, and they are also involved in the organization by giving positive motivation to achieve the organization’s vision and mission.
Downloads
References
1 Adamy, M., Lumbanraja, P., Lubis, A. N., & Siahaan, E. (2018). The Influence of Individual Characteristics and
Transformational Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at Bank Aceh Sharia. 19(163),
85–94. https://doi.org/10.2991/ebic-17.2018.51
2 Alkahtani, A. S. (2000). Involvement of employees and their personal characteristics in Saudi construction
companies. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 10(3–4), 67–78.
https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047410
3 AlKahtani, A. S. (2008). Involvement of Employees and Their Personal Characteristics in Saudi Construction
Companies. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 10(3/4), 67–78.
https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047410
4 Arisa, F., & Syah, T. Y. . (2018). How Transformational Leadership Style Of Head Nurse The Influence On
Performance Of Nurses By Mediated Job Satisfaction : A Case Study In Hospital Industry Indonesia. 20(8), 62–69.
https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2008056269
5 Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the Transactional - Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and
National Boundaries? American Psychologist, 52(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130
6 Belias, D., & Koustelios, A. (2014). Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction in the Banking Sector : A Review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 4(3), 187–200. Retrieved from leadership
7 Bernanthos, B. (2018). Employees’ performance in islamic banking. European Research Studies Journal, 21(1), 31–42.
8 Bernard M. Bass & Ronald E. Riggio. (2006). Transformational Leadership.
9 Budiarto, Y. (2004). Komitmen Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Ditinjau Dari Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan
Transaksional. Jurnal Psikologi, 2(2), 121–141.
10 Chen, T., Wu, P., & Leung, K. (2009). Individual performance appraisal and appraisee reactions to workgroups
and the moderating role of procedural justice. 40(1), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111095537
11 Chen, Z. X., & Francesco, A. M. (2003). The relationship between the three components of commitment and
employee performance in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-
8791(02)00064-7
12 Gyensare, M. A., Anku-Tsede, O., Sanda, M.-A., & Okpoti, C. A. (2016). Transformational leadership and
employee turnover intention. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 12(3),
243–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-02-2016-0008
13 Jimenez-Jimenez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2013). Studying the effect of HRM practices on the knowledge
management process. Personnel Review, 42(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481311285219
14 John, P., Ramona, D., & Natalie, J. (1991). Development of Organizational Commitment During the First Year of
Employment : A Longitudinal Stud ... Development.
15 Judge, T. A., & Piccol, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their
relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
16 Khan, F., Talat, A., & Azar, S. (2015). Organizational Factors and Affective Commitment: Moderating Role of
Employees’ Age. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 30(2), 405–419. Retrieved from
62435&site=ehost-live
17 Kim, H. K. (2014). Work- Life balance and employees’ performance : The mediating role of affective commitment.
Global Business & Management Research:An International Journal, 6(1), 37–51.
18 Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2014). Construct
validity of the individual work performance questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
56(3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113
19 Leroy, H., Palanski, M. E., & Simons, T. (2012). Authentic Leadership and Behavioral Integrity as Drivers of
Follower Commitment and Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3), 255–264.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1036-1
20 Mahmood, A. (2017). Impact of Psychological Empowerment and Perceived Career Support on Employee Work
Engagement with the Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. 11(3), 1084–1099.
21 Martin, J. (2015). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: An Exploration of Gender, Experience, and
Institution Type. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 15(2), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0015
22 Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). Mathieu-Zajac-Oc-Metaanalyse-0360.Pdf. 108(2), 171–194.
23 Mazur, K. (2015). Leader-Member Exchange and Individual Performance. The Meta-analysis. Management, 16(2),
40–53. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10286-012-0054-0
24 Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment: An Integrative
Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389–414.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
25 Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to Organizations and Occupations : Extension and Test of a. 78(4), 538–551.
26 Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace Toward a general model. 11.
27 Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of
Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
28 Michaelis, B., Stegmaier, R., & Sonntag, K. (2009). Affective Commitment to Change and Innovation
Implementation Behavior: The Role of Charismatic Leadership and Employees’ Trust in Top Management. Journal
of Change Management, 9(4), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697010903360608
29 Musriha. (2014). The Impact of Individual Characteristics and Organization Culture on Performance and Career
Development of Employees Case studies Five Star Hotel in Surabaya Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Business and
Management, 14(3), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-1432127
30 Nieves, J., & Osorio, J. (2014). Commitment-based HR systems and organizational outcomes in services.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2015-0144
31 Nikoloski, K. (2016). Strategic Human Resource Management : Assesment And Evaluation Of Human Resources As
Factors To Achieving Better Economic Performance. 8(3), 81–96.
32 Nufris, R. (2012). MASA KERJA , PENDIDIKAN , KOMPETENSI , GENDER DAN KOMPENSASI
KARYAWAN PT. MOWILEX INDONESIA. Https://Digilib.Esaunggul.Ac.Id/Masa-Kerja-PendidikanKompetensi-Gender-Dankompensasi-Karyawan-Pt-Mowilex-Indonesia-2770.Html.
33 O’Boyle, I. (2013). Examining theories of individual performance management.
34 Olukayode, L. (2013). The Effect of Personal Characteristics and Other Status Related Factors on Employee
Commitment to Work in the Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Ife Psychologia, 21(2), 150.
35 Pentareddy, S., & Suganthi, L. (2015). Building affective commitment through job characteristics, leadership and
empowerment. 3, 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.93
36 Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical
extensions. Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.009
37 Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., Cunha, M. P. e., & Jesuino, J. C. (2011). How happiness mediates the organizational
virtuousness and affective commitment relationship. Journal of Business Research, 64(5), 524–532.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.04.009
38 Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of
perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-
9010.86.5.825
39 Ribeiro, N., Gomes, D., & Kurian, S. (2018). Authentic leadership and performance: The mediating role of
employees’ affective commitment. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(1), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-
2017-0111
40 Ribeiro, N., Yücel, İ., & Gomes, D. (2018). How transformational leadership predicts employees’ affective
commitment and performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9), 1901–
1917. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2017-0229
41 Riketta, M. (2002). Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.141
42 Rinto, O., and Syah, T.Y.R. 2018. The Influence of Compensation and Motivation Towards the Perfomance
Mediated by Organizational Commitment: Study on HR and GA Employee in PT. Gajah Tunggan TBK, Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. Vol IV, Issue 4.
43 Rosady, S. D., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2018). Work Satisfaction Antecedents and Consequences: An Analysis of Transformational Leadership Style, Communication and Performance of the Nurses (Study on the Hospital Nurses in Indonesia). Iarjset, 5(9), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2018.599
44 Semedo, A. S. D., Coelho, A. F. M., & Ribeiro, N. M. P. (2016). Effects of authentic leadership, affective
commitment and job resourcefulness on employees’ creativity and individual performance. Leadership and
Organization Development Journal, 37(8), 1038–1055. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-02-2015-0029
45 Shao, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2009). The Role of Mindfulness in Predicting Individual Performance. 41(4), 195–201.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015166
46 Suhepi, A. and Syah, T.Y.R. 2018. The Influence of Training Design, Individual Characteristics, and Work
Environment on Training Transfer and Its Impact on Employee’s Perfomance. International Journal of Economics,
Commerce and Management. Vol IV, Issue 3
47 Suryanto Erwin, Syah Tantri Yanuar Rahmat, Negoro Dimas Angga, Pusaka Semerdanta. (2019). Transformational
Leadership Style and Work Life Balance: The Efect on Employee Satisfaction Through Employee
Engagement.Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences. RJOAS, 7(91), July 2019. DOI
10.18551/rjoas.2019-07.36
48 Swailes, S. (2004). Commitment to change: Profiles of commitment and in-role performance. Personnel Review,
33(2), 187–204.
49 Syaifuddin. (2016). The influence of work stress and transformational leadership on work motivation and implication of employee’s performance (case study). Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 15(Specialissue3), 42–48.
50 Ugwu, L. I., Enwereuzor, I. K., & Orji, E. U. (2016). Is trust in leadership a mediator between transformational leadership and in-role performance among small-scale factory workers? Review of Managerial Science, 10(4), 629–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-015-0170-z
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.