Work Integration on the Family Life of Professional Working Mothers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/qf3d0q87Keywords:
Professional Working Mothers, Family Life, Dual Career Family, Career Women, Descriptive-Normative Method, Parent-teacher Association (PTA)Abstract
The influx of the industrial revolution created many changes in society, in the family, and in family life. The advent of industrialization, coupled with the global economic and social development, created rapid changes in the cultural setting. Many activities traditionally performed by the family and the woman in the home have been inevitably superseded by the introduction of labor-saving machines or technologically aided tools, thus providing the woman with time to engage in full-time or part-time jobs outside the home. This study focuses on the professional working mothers in a rural setting, specifically seeking to identify their personal and work profile and describe their family life as well as the effects of their employment and/or the practice of their profession on the different aspects of their family life. A sample of 180 professional working mothers who have at least one or two children and have resided in the place for at least three years were taken as the primary sources of data for the study. A descriptive normative method of research was used. Utilizing the data gathered from the respondents, the results of this study showed that the respondents’ careers beneficially affect their family lives in all aspects in the sense that the careers serve as a deciding factor for them to plan their families. Considering the needs of time, having working mothers leave their homes every day to spend the day at their workplace is but a common and natural occurrence. This study proved that there are advantages and benefits being derived from having professional wives in terms of the different dimensions mentioned in this study. However, it is important for the professional working mothers to grow professionally and personally by ensuring graduate courses and possessing the skill of proper time and resource management to promote smooth family relations.
Downloads
References
[1] Abdullah, R., S. Jahan, and S. Saha (2008). Occupational stress, social and family difficulties and job
contentment of working women: Bangladesh perspective. Daffodil International University, Bangladesh.
[2] Alano, Ching M. (1982). “The Filipino Working Women”, Weekend, Vol II, No. 6, P.13
[3] Bailyn, Lotte; Drago, Robert; and Kochan, Thomas A.; (9/14/2001) “Integrating Work and Family Life—A
Holistic Approach.”. A Report of the Sloan Work-Family Policy Network. Pp. 1-10.
[4] Bailyn, L., Drago, R., & Kochan, T.A. (2001). Integrating work and family life. A Holistic Approach, A
Report of the Sloan Work-Family Policy Network: MIT, Sloan School of Management.
[5] Beers, Dorothy H. (1961) “Should Mothers Work,” World Encyclopedia. (New York Publishers, Vol XV,
Childcraft. P.75
[6] Burke, R.J., Jones, F., & Westman, M. (2013). Work-life balance: A psychological perspective. Psychology
Press.
[7] DaMetz, Claudia. (1994) “Women at Work.”. Women's International Center. Excerpted from Compton's
Interactive Encyclopedia... .
[8] Espiritu, Socorro G. (1979) Sociology and Social Living. 4th ed. (Manila: Goodwill Trading Co., Inc.). P.77
[9] Fagan, C., Lyonette, C., Smith, M., & Saldaña-Tejeda, A. (2012). The influence of working time
arrangements on work-life integration or 'balance': a review of the international evidence. Geneva: ILO.
[10] Flores, Pura M. (1969). “Career Women and Motherhood in a Changing Society.”. Socio-Psychological
Development of Filipino Children. 1st ed. (Manila: Pura Medina Flores). Pp. 117-122
[11] Grady, G., & McCarthy, A.M. (2008). Work-life integration: experiences of mid-career professional
working mothers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(5), 599-622.
[12] Greenhaus, J.H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of
Management Review, Vol. 10: 76-88.
[13] Grossman, Allyson Sherman. (1981) “Working Mothers and Their Children.”. Monthly Labor
[14] Review: Special Labor Force Reports – Summaries. May, pp. 49-54.
[15] Guendouzi, J. (2006). “The guilt thing”: Balancing domestic and professional roles. Journal of Marriage
and Family, 68(4), 901-909.
[16] Hughes, D., Galinsky, E. (1988). Balancing work and family lives: Research and corporate applications. In
A.E. Gottfried & A.W. Gottfried (Eds.). Maternal employment and children’s development: 233-268. New
York: Plenum.
[17] Ladge, J.J., Clair, J.A., & Greenberg, D. (2012). Cross-domain identity transition during liminal periods:
Constructing multiple selves as a professional and mother during pregnancy. Academy of Management
Journal, 55(6), 1449-1471.
[18] Lewis, S., Gambles, R., & Rapoport, R. (2007). The constraints of a „work–life balance approach: An
international perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(3), 360-373.
[19] Lu, Y.Y., (2007). The impact of work-family conflict on working women in Taiwan: The effects of
organizational support. Ph.D. Thesis. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
[20] Marks, S.R. & Macdermid, S.M. (1996). Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58: 417-432.
[21] MEC-UNICEF (July 1967) “The Filipino Woman as an Effective Worker”. Module 9. MEC-UNICEF
Seminar Workshop in Instructional Materials Writing on the Role of the Filipino Women During the last 60
Years. P.2
[22] Milkie, M.A., Peltola, P. (1999) Playing All the Roles: Gender and the Work-Family Balancing Act,
Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 61, No. 2: 476-49.
[23] Milofsky, David. (1982) “What Makes a Good Family.”. Womens. Vol. X. No. 19. Pp. 32-33
[24] Noor, N.M. (2003) Work- and family-related variables, work-family conflict, and women's well-being:
some observations', Community, Work & Family, Vol. 6: (3), 297-319.
[25] Norris, Grolira, and Miller, Jo Ann. (1979). The Working Mothers Complete Handbook. (New York: A
Sunrise Book E.P. Dulton, p. 4.
[26] Rosales, Nelia L. (1981) “On Working and Children Upbringing.”. (Printed in Times Journal, Manila). P.12
[27] Schultheiss, D.E.P. (2006). The interface of work and family life. Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice, 37(4), 334.
[28] Siplia, Helvi. (1976-1985)“The State of the World‟s Women”, 1979 Report Supported by Special Grant to
the Voluntary Fund for the United Nations Decade for Women.
[29] Shelton, B.A. (1992). Women, men, and time: Gender differences in paid work, housework, and leisure.
New York: Greenwood Press.
[30] Steibler, N. (2009). Reported levels of Time-Based and Strain-based Conflict between Work and Family
Roles in Europe: A Multilevel Approach. Soc Indic Res, 93: 469-488.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
