Effect Different Extracts of Tribulus Terrestris on ammonia Volatilization in Loamy Soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/e8xk6666Keywords:
Tribulus Terrestris, Ammonia Volatilization, ReductionAbstract
The study was tested by studying the effect of three different plant extracts on ammonia volatilization and the number of bacteria after adding extracts to soil with urea in Iraqi loamy soil. Three plant extracts (Olea europaea, lepidium aucheri, and Tribulus terrestris) were tested on many isolated bacteria from soils (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus spp, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). All bacteria were classified (Schwartz et al., 1965), and a biochemistry test was performed on different bacteria. The results explained that all parts of Tribulus terrestris extracts caused a decreasing number of isolated bacteria from soil after the addition of urea and extracts to loamy soil and were a reduction in ammonia volatilization from soil, but other plant extracts, Olea europaea and Lepidium aucheri, didn’t cause any reduction in the number of isolated bacteria and ammonia volatiles after the addition to soil. So this reason was to exclude these extracts from using to test against ammonia volatilization, but all parts of Tribulus terrestris gave a significantly different activity of reducing ammonia volatile (p < 0.05) from soil compared with control. Seeds with alcoholic extract was the best treatments at reduction number of bacteria and volatile ammonia. Increasing concentration of extracts caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) with ammonia volatilization and number of bacteria.
Downloads
References
[1] Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A. Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile
effects and comparison with Zea mays. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003 Apr 1;85(2-3):257-60.
[2] Ali AM, Stroehlein JL. Reactions of urea phosphate in calcareous and alkaline soils: I. Ammonia
volatilization. Communications in soil science and plant analysis. 1991 Jul 1;22(11-12):1243-56.
[3] Bedir E, Khan IA, Walker LA. Biologically active steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris. Die
Pharmazie. 2002 Jul;57(7):491-3.
[4] Bedir E, Khan IA. New steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Journal of natural
products. 2000 Dec 27;63(12):1699-701.
[5] Black, CA. Methods of soil analysis. Part I. American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Publisher, Madison,
Wisconsin, USA. 1965.
[6] Bourke CA, Stevens GR, Carrigan M. Locomotor effects in sheep of alkaloids identified in Australian
Tribulus terrestris. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1992 Jul;69(7):163-5.
[7] Bremner JM. Recent research on problems in the use of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer. In Nitrogen economy in
tropical soils 1995 (pp. 321-329). Springer, Dordrecht.
[8] Edmunds PN. The growth requirements of Haemophilus vaginalis. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology.
1960;80(2):325-5.
[9] Frye W. Nitrification inhibition for nitrogen efficiency and environmental protection. In IFA International
Workshop on Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers. June 2005 Jun (pp. 28-30).
[10] Ghosh BN, Chowdhury H, Kundu S, Gupta HS. Effect of pine needle (Pinus roxburghii) and chinaberry
(Melia azaderach) seed extracts on urea hydrolysis rate in a sandy soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil
Science. 2002;50(3):309-11.
[11] Ibrahim NM, Kadhim EJ. Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Iraqi Tribulus terrestris.
Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN: 1683-3597, E-ISSN: 2521-3512). 2015; 24(1): 68-73.
[12] Kelmanson JE, Jäger AK, van Staden J. Zulu medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology. 2000 Mar 1;69(3):241-6.
[13] Lee-Huang S, Kung HF, Huang PL, Bourinbaiar AS, Morell JL, Brown JH, Tsai WP, Chen AY, Huang HI.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibition, DNA-binding, RNA-binding, and ribosome
inactivation activities in the N-terminal segments of the plant anti-HIV protein GAP31. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. 1994 Dec 6;91(25):12208-12.
[14] Macadam XM, del Prado A, Merino P, Estavillo JM, Pinto M, González-Murua C. Dicyandiamide and 3, 4-
dimethyl pyrazole phosphate decreases N₂O emissions from grassland but dicyandiamide produces
deleterious effects in clover. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2003 Jan 1;160(12):1517-23.
[15] Mesir, RM. A study of morphological characteristic and chemicals of Tribulus terrestris and activity seeds
extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. MSc in biology—Thi-Qar University, Ministry of Higher Education
college of Education. 2013 Mar 3.
[16] Mitscher LA, Pillai SP, Gentry EJ, Shankel DM. Multiple drug resistance. Medicinal research reviews. 1999
Nov; 19(6):477-96.
[17] Mohammed MJ. Biological activity of saponins isolated from Tribulus terrestris (fruit) on growth of some
bacteria. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science. 2008;13(3):17-20.
[18] Namba T, Morita O, Huang SL, Goshima K, Hattori M, Kakiuchi N. Studies on cardioactive crude drugs; I.
Effect of coumarins on cultured myocardial cells. Planta Medica. 1988 Aug;54(04):277-82.
[19] Nasima J, Khanif MY, Hanfi MM, Wan ZW, Dharejo KA. Maize response to biodegradable polymer and
urease inhibitor-coated urea. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2010;12(5):773-6.
[20] Neghamish RGh, Kareem ZH. Effect different extracts from the plant of Tribulus terrestris pole in inhibition
of microbiology isolated from soils in Thi-Qar, Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Higher Education and
Scientific Research, Southern Technical University, Second International Scientific Conference. 2017; 126-
130.
[21] Neghamish, RGh. Field evaluation of efficiency of some plants extracts and chemical inhibitors in inhibition
of urease enzyme activity and growth of sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor. L). Ph.D. in thesis—Basrah
university Ministry of Higher Education college of agriculture. 2013 Nov 25.
[22] Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological
properties 2nd ed. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 1982.
[23] Power JF, Prasad R. Soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture. CRC Press; 1997 Jun 30.
[24] Qasem MS, Al-shawii AM, Al Rahman LY. The effect of Alcoholic plant (tribulus terrestris) extract on the
bacteria isolated from the genital tract of infertile cows in vitro. AL-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Sciences. 2013;12(1):172-81.
[25] Schwartz A. ST Cowan and KJ Steel, Manual for the Identification of medical Bacteria. X und 217 S., 10
Tab. Cambridge University Press 1965. 50 s. Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie. 1967;7(1):85-.
[26] Volk GM. Volatile Loss of Ammonia Following Surface Application of Urea to Turf or Bare Soils 1.
Agronomy Journal. 1959 Dec 1;51(12):746-9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
