Experiential Avoidance and Psychological Acceptance Processes in the Psychological Recovery from Enduring Mental Illness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/t3s9p211Keywords:
acceptance and commitment theory, psychological recovery, enduring mental illness, qualitative study.Abstract
Objective: The concept of recovery has been generating significant interest in mental health contexts, as has the behavioral change ap- proach of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) within clinical psychotherapy contexts. This exploratory study sought to examine whether a person in psychological recovery from mental illness would describe the use of psychological acceptance and experiential avoidance, two core concepts of ACT.
Methods: Forty-five published narratives of people in recovery were content analyzed seeking to investigate the role and frequency of experiential avoidance and psychological acceptance given by those narrating their recovery journey.
Results: There was a presence of psychological acceptance in narratives of people self reporting success in their recovery journey sug- gestive that it will correlate with positive developments in ones journey of recovery. Conversely the role and frequency of experiential avoidance in these narratives may be associated with less progress in psychological recovery from mental illness.
Conclusion: This study showed preliminary data of the presence of experiential avoidance and psychological acceptance in narratives of people with enduring mental illness, indicating that psychological acceptance may play a positive role in the recovery from mental ill- ness.
Downloads
References
Andresen, R., Oades, L. & Caputi, P. (2003). The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirical validated stage mod- el. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 586–594. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01234.x
Andresen, R., Caputi, P. & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of recovery instrument: development of a measure of recovery from serious mental illness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 972–980. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1614.2006.01921.x
Anthony, W.A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the Mental Health Service system in the 1990s. Psychoso- cial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 11-23.
Bach, P. & Hayes, S. C. (2002). The use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1129-1139. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.5.1129
Barnes-Holmes, D., Cochrane, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y. Stewart, I., & McHugh, L. (2004). Psychological Acceptance: Experimental Ana- lyses and Theoretical Interpretations. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4 (3), 517–530.
Baumeister, R. (1990). Suicide as an escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113. doi: 10.1037/0033-275X.97.1.90.
Clark, D. M., Ball, S., & Pape, D. (1991). An experimental investigation of thought suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 253–257.
Cooper, M., Frone, M., Russell, M., & Mudar, P. (1995). Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 990-1005. doi: 10.1037./0022-3514.69.5.990
Deegan, P. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11 (4), 11–19. Deegan, P. (1996). Recovery as a journey of the heart. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 19 (3), 91-97.
Durrant, C., Clarke, I., Tolland, A., & Wilson, H. (2007). Designing a CBT Service for an Acute In-patient Setting: A pilot evaluation study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 117–125. doi: 10.1002/cpp.516
García, J. M., & Pérez, M. (2001). ACT as a treatment for psychotic symptoms. The case of auditory hallucinations. Análisis y Modific- ación de Conducta, 27, 113, 455–472.
Greenblat, L. (2000). First Person Account: Understanding health as a continuum. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26 (1), 243–245. Harris, R. (2008). The Happiness Trap: How to stop struggling and start living. Boston, MA: Trumpeter.
Hayes, S. C. & Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17 (2), 289-303.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M. and Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S. C., Follette, V., & Linehan, M. (Eds.) (2004). Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition. New York: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S. C. & Strosahl, K. D. (Eds.) (2004). A Practical Guide to: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Springer. King, R., Lloyd, C., & Meehan, T. (2007) Handbook of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Blackwell Publishing.
Kurtz, L. F. (1997). Chapter 2: Help Characteristics and Change Mechanisms in Self-Help Support Groups: Change Mechanisms in Self-Help Groups. In Kurtz, L. F. Self-help and support groups: a handbook for practitioners (pp. 24–29). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Leete, E. (1989). How I perceive and manage my illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15 (2), 197–200.
Mack, N. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: a data collector’s field guide. Research Triangle, NC: Family Health International.
Reaume, G. (2002). Lunatic to patient to person: nomenclature in psychiatric history and the influence of patients’ activism in North America. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 25(4), 405-426. doi: 10.1016/S0160-2527(02)00130-9
Resnick, S. G., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2006). Recovery and positive psychology: Parallel themes and potential synergies. Psychiatric Ser- vices, 57 (1), 120–122. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.57.1.120
SANE Australia. What’s your view? SANE phone-in 2000. Retrieved November 26, 2008, from http://www.sane.org/campaigns- bluesky.html
Schmook, A. (1994). They said I would never get better. In L. Spaniol & M. Koehler (Eds.), The Experience of Recovery (pp. 1–3). Bo- ston: Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.
Szentagotai, Aurora. (2006) Chronic thought suppression and psychopathology. Cognitie Creier Comportament, 10(3), 379-387.
Snyder, C. R., Michael, S. T, Cheavens, J. S. (1999). Hope as a psychotherapeutic foundation of common factors, placebos and expect- ancies. In: Hubble MA, Duncan B, Miller S, eds. Heart and soul of change (pp. 179-200). Washington DC: American Psychological Press. doi: 10.1037/11132-005
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thoughts suppression. Journal of Personal- ity and Social Psychology, 53, 5-13.
Wenzlaff, R. M. (2002). Intrusive thoughts in depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 16, 145–159. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59–91.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.