Western Psychiatry and Traditional Healing: Postcolonial Perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/428wyg38Keywords:
Western psychiatry, traditional healing, Psychiatry and traditional healing, Psychiatry and colonialismAbstract
This review takes as its starting point the chasm separating Western psychiatry from the indigenous healing traditions−es- pecially in the North American context. The principle arguments of this paper are twofold: that this state of affairs is un- likely to change unless there is a greater understanding of the sorts of factors that are underpinning and perpetuating this chasm and secondly, that indispensable to this understanding, is a perspective that takes into consideration the way in which Western psychiatry has historically related to and continues to relate to the indigenous world in a manner that repro- duces and reinforces colonial values. A greater awareness of the enduring impact of colonialism and its legacies promises to illuminate the problematic nature of the relationship between Western psychiatry and indigenous or traditional systems of healing.
Downloads
References
Adelson, N. (2007). Biomedical approach a poor fit with aboriginal views on health and healing. Canadian Psychiatry Au- jord’hui, 3(1), 10.
Belmaker, R.H. (2010). The limits of scientific understanding and their relevance for the role of religion in psychiatry. In
P. J.Verhagen, H.M. van Praag, J.J. Lopez-Ibor Jr, J.L.Cox & D. Moussaoui (Eds.). Religion and psychiatry: Beyond boundaries.Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bhabha, H. (1992). “Postcolonial criticism” In S. Greenblatt & G. Dunn (Eds.), Redrawing the boundaries: The trans- formation of English and American Literary studies (pp. 437-465). New York: Modern language association of America.
Bhabha, H.K. (1994). The location of culture. New York: Routledge.
Bidima, J.G. (2000). Ethnopsychiatry and its reverses: Telling the fragility of the other. Diogenes. 48, 68-82. Bruner, (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Castellano, M.B. (2004). Ethics of aboriginal research. Journal of Aboriginal Health, 1(1), 98-114. Cohen, K.B.H. (1998). Native American medicine. Alternative Therapies, 4(6), 45-57.
Conquergood, D. (1991). Re-thinking ethnography: Towards a critical cultural politics Communication Monographs, 58, 179-194.
Devereux, G. (1957). Cultural thought models in primitive and modern psychiatric theories. Psychiatry, 21, 359-374.
Devereux, G. (1961). Bureau of American ethnology bulletin 175: Mohave ethnopsychiatry and suicide, the psychiatric knowledge and the psychic disturbances of an Indian Tribe.Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Dick, J. (1971). The importance of psychotic medicine: Training Navaho medicine men. pp. 20-43 in Mental Health Pro- gram Reports, No.5 (DHEW) Publication No. (HSM) 72–9042. Chevy Chase, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
Diouff, M. & Mbodj, M. (1997). La folie au Sénégal. Dakar. ACS.
Ernst, W. (2004). Colonial psychiatry, magic and religion: The case of mesmerism in British India. History of psychiatry,
15(1), 57-71.
Ernst, W. (2010). Mad tales from the Raj: Colonial psychiatry in South Asia 1800-1858. London & NY: Routledge. Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge. NY: Vintage.
Frank, J. (1961). Healing and persuasion: A comparative study of psychotherapy. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Gaines, A.D. (1992). Ethnopsychiatry: The cultural construction of psychiatries. In D.Gaines (Ed.), Ethnopsychiatry: The cultural construction of professional and folk psychiatries (pp.3-49). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Gone, J. (2008). ‘So I can be like a White man’: The cultural psychology of space and place in American Indian health.
Culture and Psychology, 14(3), 369-399.
Grof, S. (1985). Beyond the brain Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Grof, S. (1992). The holotropic mind. San Francisco: Harper.
Hambly, W. D. (1926). Origin of education among primitive peoples.London: Macmillan. Hartnack, C. (2000). Psychoanalysis in Colonial India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Ingleby, D. (2006). Getting multicultural healthcare of the ground: Britain and Netherlands compared. International Journal of Mental Health and Social Care, 2, 4-15.
Jackson, L.A. (1999). The place of psychiatry in colonial and early postcolonial Zimbabwe. International Journal of Men- tal Health, 28(2), 38-71.
Jilek, W. (1982). Indian healing: Shamanic ceremonialism in the Pacific Northwest today. Surrey, BC: Hancock House. Jilek, W. (2005). Transforming the shaman: Changing Western views of shamanism and altered states of consciousness.
Investigación en Salud, 7(1), 8-15.
Jilek, W.G., & Todd, N. (1974). Witch doctors succeed where doctors fail: Psychotherapy among Coast Salish Indians.
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal. 19, 351-355.
Keller, R. (2001), Madness and colonization: Psychiatry in the British and French Empires, 1800-1962. Journal of Social History, 35, 295-326.
Khanna, R. (2003). Dark continents: Psychoanalysis and Colonialism. Durham NC: Duke University Press.
Kirmayer, L. (2007). Cultural psychiatry in historical perspective in D. Bhugra & K. Bhui (Eds.), Textbook of cultural psy- chiatry. (pp3-19).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kraepelin, E. (1904). Vergechende Psychiatrie Zentralblatt fur Nervenherlkande und psychiatrie, 15,433-437. Leff, J. (1981). Psychiatry Around the globe: A Transcultural Review. London: Gaskell.
Levy-Bruhl, L. (1923). Primitve mentality.London: Allen and Unwin.
Littlewood, R. & Lipsedge, M. (1982). Aliens and Alienists: Ethnic Minorities and Psychiatry Harmondsworth: Penguin. Lucas, R.H. & Barrett, R.J. (1995). Interpreting culture and psychopathology: Primitivist themes in cross-cultural debate.
Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 19(3), 287-326.
Mahone, S. & Vaughan, M. (2007). Psychiatry and Empire. Basingstoke:Palgrave.
O’Nell, T.D. (1989). Psychiatric investigations among American Indians and Alaska natives: A critical review. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 13, 51-87.
Penrose, R. (1994). Shadows of the mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
Prince, R. (1981). The psychiatrist and the folk healer: Interface and partnership. In G. G. Meyer , K. Blum , & J. G. Cull (Eds.), Folk medicine and herbal healing. Springfield, ILL: Charles C. Thomas Publishers.
Read, C. (1920). The origin of man and his superstitions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ruiz, P. & Langrod, J. (1976). Psychiatry and folk healing: a dichotomy? American Journal of Psychiatry, 133(1), 95-97.
Sadowsky, (1999). Imperial Bedlam: Institutions of Bedlam in Southwest Nigeria. Berkley, CA: University of California Press. Sadowsky, (1999). Imperial Bedlam: Institutions of Bedlam in Southwest Nigeria. Berkley, CA: University of Cali- fornia Press.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. NY: Pantheon.
Solomon, A. & Wane, N.N. (2005). Indigenous healers and healing in a modern world. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.),
Integrating traditional healing practices into counselling and psychotherapy.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Stapp, H.P. (2006). Quantum Interactive Dualism: An Alternative to Materialism. Zygon, 41 (3),599-615.
Sue, S. (1977). Community mental health services to minority groups: Some optimism, some pessimism. American Psy- chologist, 32(8), 616-624.
Taylor, J. S. (2003). Confronting “culture” in medicine’s “culture of no culture”. Academic Medicine, 78(6), 555-559.
Turner, E. (2008). Souls and communication between souls. In E. Wautischer (Ed.), Ontology of Consciousness: Percipi- ent action. (pp. 79-96). Cambridge & London: MIT Press.
Unschuld, (1976). Western medicine and traditional healing systems: Cooperation, cooperation or integration? Ethics in Science and Medicine, 3(1), 1-20.
Vukic, A., Gregory, D. Martin-Misener, R. Etowa, J. (2011). Aboriginal and Western conceptions of mental health and ill- ness. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and community mental health, 9(1),65-86.
Waldenfels, B. (2007). Doubled otherness in ethnopsychiatry. World Cultural Psychiatry Research Review, 2(213), 69-79. Wautischer, H. (Ed.) (2008). Ontology of consciousness: Percipient action. London & Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Young, D.E. & Goulet, J.G. (1994). Being changed: The anthropology of extraordinary experience. Ontario: Broadview Press.
Znamenski, A.A. (2007). The beauty of the primitive: Shamanism and the Western imagination. NY: Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.