The Development and Validation of Self-evaluated Employability Inventory for TVET Hearing-impaired Graduates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/q4gw9j36Keywords:
Hearing-impaired, Self-evaluated, Employability, Modified DelphiAbstract
Work is important for the sustainability and well-being of life. Just like ordinary hearing people, a hearing-impaired person also has desires to be appreciated in successful careers with value lifestyle. This achievement can be measured by employability. The purpose of this paper is to discuss on the development of a selfevaluated employability inventory for hearing-impaired community. Using a modified Delphi method, nine panel experts were appointed to obtain consensus to construct items for this inventory. Three rounds of modified Delphi method was conducted, which the first round was a one-to-one interview session. Twenty items’ inventory was developed based on the information that gathered from interviews and literature searches. The Second and third round were using questionnaire survey in a way to get experts’ rating for each item. The collected data were analysed empirically using content validity ratio (CVR). The Finding showed 10 items retained to assess hearingimpaired self-evaluated employability. This inventory also can be interchangeably evaluated by employer to his/her employee.
Downloads
References
[1] Anizam Mohamed Yusof, Manisah Mohd Ali & Amla Mohd Salleh. (2013). Pendidikan vokasional pelajar
berkeperluan khas ke arah memenuhi pasaran pekerjaan. Proceeding of the International Conference on
Social Science Research, Penang, Malaysia. E-ISBN 978-967-11768-1-8.
[2] Azizollah Jafari, Mehdi Jafarian, Abalfazl Zareei & Farzad Zaerpour. (2008). Using Fuzzy Delphi Method
in Maintenance Strategy Selection Problem. Journal of Uncertain Systems, 2(4), 289-298. Retrieved from
www.jus.org.uk
[3] Barnes, L. (2017). Employment and Employability: The Experiences and Perceptions of Deaf Graduates. A
thesis for the degree of Professional Doctorate in Education. University of Central Lancashire.
[4] Cooper, R. K. (1997). Applying emotional intelligence in the workplace. Training & Development, 51(12),
31-38.
[5] Crawford, M. M. & Wright, G. (2016). Delphi Method, WileyStats Ref: Statistics References Online.
[6] Custer, R. L., Scarcella, J. A. & Stewart, B. R. (1999). The Modified Delphi Technique - A Rotational
Modification. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 15(2), 1531-4952.
[7] Dammeyer, J., Crowe, K., Marschark, M. & Rosica, M. (2019). Work and Employment Characteristics of
Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Adults. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1–10.
doi:10.1093/deafed/enz018
[8] Dolores, M. & Tongco, C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany
Research & Applications, 5, 147-158.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/227
[9] Engr Amaechi, O. J., Orlu, I., Obed, O. O. & Thomas, C. G. (2017). The role of technical and vocational
education and training (TVET) as agents of tackling unemployment and proverty amongst technical college
graduates in rivers state. World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 3(2), 17-30 ISSN2454-
695X.
[10] Erabaddage Gishan Tharanga Sumanasiri, Mohd Shukri Ab Yajid & Ali Khatibi. (2015). Conceptualizing
Learning and Employability: Learning and Employability Framework. Journal of Education and Learning,
4(2). ISSN 1927-5250 E-ISSN 1927-5269. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
[11] Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its
dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14-38.
[12] Harvey, L., Moon, S., Geall, V. & Bower, R. (1997). Graduates’ work: organizational change and students’
attributes. Centre for Research into Quality, University of Central England, Birmingham.
[13] Jubri, J., Mohamad, S., Nashir, I. M., & Subri, U. S. (2019). Explored the Constructs of Teachers’ Teaching
Supervision in the Subject of Food Services: The Application of the Modified Delphi Technique.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(6), 98–104. DOI:
10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i6/5925
[14] Knight, S. R. et al., Use of a modified Delphi approach to develop research priorities in HPB surgery across
the United Kingdom. International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. Elsevier Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2019.03.352
[15] Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28: 563-575.
[16] Lowden, K., Hall, S., Elliot, D. & Lewin, J. (2011). Employers’ perceptions of the employability of new
graduates. London: Edge Foundation.
[17] Mackenna, H. P. (1994). The Delphi technique: a worthwhile research approach for nursing? Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 19, 1221-1225. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01207
[18] Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari, Norhayati Mat Yusoff, Mohd Raziff Jamaluddin Salleh Mohd Radzi &
Zulhan Othman (2010). The generic of the hearing impaired graduates in Malaysia Hospitality Industry.
World Applied Sciences Journal 10 (Special Issue of Tourism & Hospitality), 126-135.
[19] Perkins-Dock, R. E., Battle, T. R., Edgerton, J. M., & McNeill, J. N. (2015). A Survey of Barriers to
Employment for Individuals who are Deaf. JADARA, 49(2). Retrieved from
https://repository.wcsu.edu/jadara/vol49/iss2/3
[20] Pool, L. D. (2016). A practical model of graduate employability. York Learning & Teaching Forum.
[21] Pool, L. D. & Sewell, P. J. (2007). The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate
employability. Education + Learning, 49(4), 277-289.
[22] Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376382.
[23] Rothwell, A., & Arnold, J. (2007). Self-perceived employability: development and validation of a scale.
Personnel Review, 36(1), 23-41.
[24] Samuel, R. & Ramayah, T. (2016). Employability, mobility and work-Life balance: how do they relate for
MBA holders in Malaysia? Pertanika Journal Social Science & Humanities, 24(1), 359-374.
[25] Stokar, H. (2017). Deaf Workers in Restaurant, Retail, and Hospitality Sector Employment: Harnessing
Research to Promote Advocacy. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 16(3-4), 204–215.
doi:10.1080/1536710x.2017.1372237
[26] The Pedagogy for Employability Group. (2006). Pedagogy for Employability.
[27] Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H., & Nikanfar, A.-R.
(2015). Design and Implementation Content Validity Study: Development of an instrument for measuring
Patient-Centered Communication. Journal of Caring Sciences, 4(2), 165–178. doi:10.15171/jcs.2015.017
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.