A Hope Impact in MENA: Business Leadership and Job Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/5h5qdf20Keywords:
Leadership, Hope, Middle East, North Africa, Business Organizations, Job Performance, Work Units.Abstract
Research has shown that hope is a critical element in the business environment. This exploratory research study explores the role of hope focusing on leadership and job performance given that hope has established its conceptual independence and measurement discriminate validity. Even though research studies may have explored the role of hope for leaders and followers in the developed nations, research studies on the role of hope are new in the Middle East and North African Area. An essential component in the competitive business context, millennial leaders shape job performance, especially in the Middle East and North African Area (MENA). This case study focuses on the role of hope and job performance inside the business work units. As a research study, the aim of this paper is threefold: (1) whether the leader is perceived as implementing hope in the work life; (2) whether the followers perceive themselves as implementing hope in the work life (3) whether the level of hope is correlated to the level of job performance irrespective of gender. In line with this, three research questions were generated and belong to the faculty of business administration and economics. Sixty-one participants were employed in domestic or foreign companies in the Middle East and North African Area (MENA). Data was gathered using a survey. Based on the results, further research is recommended to better understand the nature of hope found in the local business context and its impact on job performance in the MENA workplace.
Downloads
References
[1] Akhras, C. (2015). “Millennials: Entitled Networking Business Leaders”, International Journal of
Computer Science and Business Informatics. Vol.15, No. 1, pp.1-13.
[2] Bass, B.M. and Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial
Applications. Free Press, New York.
[3] Certo, S.C. and Certo, S.T. (2016). Modern Management: Concepts and Skills. 14 ed. Pearson, Boston.
[4] Cheavens, J.S., Feldman, D.B., Gum, A., Michael, S.T., and Snyder, C.R. (2006). “Hope Therapy in a
Community Sample: A Pilot Investigation”, Journal Social Indicators Research, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 61–78.
[5] Deresky, H. (2017). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Ninth Edition,
Pearson, Harlow, England.
[6] Dzuranin, A.C., Toppe-Shortridge, R., and Smith, P.A. (2013). “Building Ethical Leaders: A Way to
Integrate and Assess Ethics Education”, Business Ethics, Vol. 115, pp. 101–114. DOI 10.1007/s10551-012-
1371-x.
[7] Ferrell, O.C., Hirt, G.A., and Ferrell, L. (2012). Business: A Changing World. 8th edition. McGraw Hill,
New York.
[8] Fraenkel, J.R. and Wallen, A. (2006). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 6th edition.
McGraw Hill, Boston.
[9] Gates, B. (2008). Business @ the Speed of Thought: Succeeding in the Digital Economy. Pearson
Education, New Jersey.
[10] Hall, T. and Janman, K. (2010). The Leadership Illusion: The Importance of Context and Connections.
Palgrave Macmillan, London.
[11] Hernandez, M. (2017). “Putting an End to Leaders’ Self-Serving Behavior”, MIT Sloan Management Review.pp.1-5
[12] Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H., and Johnson, D.E. (2008). Management of Organizational Behavior: Leading Human Resources. 9th edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
[13] Hill, C.H. and Hernandez-Requejo, W. (2012). Global Business Today. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Irwin, New York.
[14] Howe, N. and Straus, W. (2007). Millenials Go to College. Life Course Associates, Virginia.
[15] Kets De Vries, M.R.R., Korotov, K., and Florent-Treacy, E. (2007). Coach and Couch: The Psychology of
Making Better Leaders. Insead Business Press. Palgrave, Macmillan New York.
[16] Levy, B. and McKiernan, P. (2009). Strategic Leadership: Governance and Renewal. Palgrave, Macmillan,
New York.
[17] Luthans, F. Avolio, B. Walumbwa, F. and Li, W. (2005). “The Psychological Capital of Chinese workers:
Exploring the Relationship with Performance”, Management and Organizational Review, Vol. 1. pp. 247-
269.
[18] Luthans, F. Wyk, R.V., and Walumbwa, F.O. (2004). “Recognition and Development of Hope for South
African Organizational Leaders”, Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp.
512-527.
[19] Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., and Norman, S.M. (2007). “Positive Psychological Capital:
Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction”, Personnel Psychology. Vol. 60, No. 3,
pp. 541-572.
[20] Luthans, F., Van Wyk, R., and Walumbwa, F.O. (2004). “Recognition and development of hope for South
African organizational leaders”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 25, No. 5/6, pp.
512-527.
[21] Martoochio, J.J. (2015). Strategic Compensation: A Human Management Approach. Pearson, New Jersey.
[22] Michelli, J.A. (2014). Leading the Starbucks Way: 5 Principles for Connecting with Your Customers, Your
Products, and Your People. McGraw Hill, New York.
[23] Middleton, J. (2007). Beyond Authority: Leadership in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
[24] Myers, K.K., and Sadaghiani, K. (2010). “Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on
Millennials’ Organizational Relationships and Performance.” Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 25,
No. 2. pp. 225–238.
[25] Nguyen, N.T., Basuray, T.M., Smith, W.P., Kopka, D., and McCulloh, D.N. (2008). “Ethics perception:
Does teaching make a difference?” Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 84, pp. 66–75.
[26] Norman, S. Luthans, B. and Luthans, K. (2005). ‘The Proposed Contagion Effect of Hopeful Leaders on
the Resiliency of Employees and Organizations”, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol.
12, No. 2, pp. 55-64.
[27] Obama, B. (2008a). Change We Can Believe in: Barack Obama’s Plan to Renew America’s Promise. Three
River Press, New York.
[28] Obama, B. (2008b). The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. Vintage Books,
New York of Computer Science and Business Informatics. Vol.15, No. 1. pp.1-13.
[29] Paulson, H.M. (2010). On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System.
Business Plus, New York.
[30] Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2019). Organizational Behaviour. Pearson, Boston, Massachusetts.
[31] Schlender, B. And Tetzeli, R. (2015). Becoming Steve Jobs.: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a
Visionary Leader. Penguin Random House, New York.
[32] Snyder, C.R. (2005). “Teaching: The Lessons of Hope”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol.
24, No. 1. pp. 72-84.
[33] Twenge, J.M. (2014). Generation Me: Why Today’s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive,
Entitled, and More Miserable than Ever Before. New York: Simon & Schuster
[34] Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, K. (2010). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New
York: Free Press.
[35] U.S. Department of Education. http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/landing.jhtm
[36] U.S. Department of Commerce. http://www.commerce.gov/; www.census.gov.
[37] Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M, and Scherer (2012). “Responsible Leadership in Global Business: A New
Approach to Leadership and its Multi-Level Outcomes”, Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 105. pp. 1-16.
[38] Wheelan, T.L. and Hunger, J.D. (2015). Strategic Management and Business Policy. Pearson, New Jersey. During the period you belonged to the business unit, were you able to evaluate your job performance in the business unit?
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.