Alternate Fuel – A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/j8jjcy77Keywords:
Ethanol, Energy, Pollution, Availability, Greenhouse, EfficiencyAbstract
This study concern with the use of alternate fuels for automobiles. Since the automobiles are the main source of transportation, its usage increases day by day. Thereby it is necessary to identify a cheaper fuel for it. The currently existing and widely used fuel named gasoline also called as petrol. The cost of this fuel day by day increases and also it will be exhausted in future after some years. The another problem currently using fuels are the exhaust. The exhaust consists of NOx, CO, CO2, SOx, lead and other particulates which lead to air pollution and adverse affect on human beings. So it is important to opt for alternate fuels, which are cheaper and less pollutant to environment.
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References
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characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(7), 812-814.
[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &
Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for
supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,
449-459.
[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped
azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.
[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference
intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.
[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation
system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and
Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba
hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.
[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating
associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.
[13] Kumar, S.S., Karrunakaran, C.M., Rao, M.R.K., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2011). Inhibitory effects of
Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of
carcinogenesis, 10.
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Informatics, 1(3), 307-317.
[15] Ravichandran, A.T., Srinivas, J., Karthick, R., Manikandan, A., & Baykal, A. (2018). Facile combustion
synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial studies of Bi1− xAlxFeO3 (0.0≤ x≤ 0.15)
nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13247-13252.
[16] Thovhogi, N., Park, E., Manikandan, E., Maaza, M., & Gurib-Fakim, A. (2016). Physical properties of
CdO nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry via Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower extract. Journal of Alloys
and Compounds, 655, 314-320.
[17] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Wide area wireless networks-IETF. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2042-2046.
[18] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., & Srinivasan, V. (2014). Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded
multilevel inverter. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 1785- 1791.
[19] Achudhan, M., Jayakumar M.P. (2014). Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated
catalyst. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(23), 23013.
[20] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). Application of pattern recognition for farsi
license plate recognition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1768-1774.
[21] Jebaraj, S., Iniyan S. (2006). Renewable energy programmes in India. International Journal of Global
Energy Issues, 26(43528), 232-257.
[22] Sharmila, S., & Jeyanthi Rebecca, L. (2013). Md Saduzzaman., Biodegradation of domestic effluent using
different solvent extracts of Murraya koenigii. J Chem and Pharm Res, 5(2), 279-282.
[23] Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K.M., Saleh, T.A., Manikandan A., & Baykal, A.
(2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 nanoferrites: magneto-optical
investigation. Ceramics International, 44(5), 5751-5759.
[24] Rani, A.J., & Mythili, S.V. (2014). Study on total antioxidant status in relation to oxidative stress in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(3), 108-110.
[25] Karthik, B. (2014). Arulselvi, Noise removal using mixtures of projected gaussian scale mixtures. Middle[6] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., & Ramu, G. (2014). Preparation and
characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(7), 812-814.
[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &
Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for
supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,
449-459.
[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped
azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.
[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference
intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.
[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation
system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and
Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba
hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.
[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating
associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.
[13] Kumar, S.S., Karrunakaran, C.M., Rao, M.R.K., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2011). Inhibitory effects of
Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of
carcinogenesis, 10.
[14] Beula Devamalar, P.M., Thulasi Bai, V., & Srivatsa, S.K. (2009). Design and architecture of real time webcentric tele health diabetes diagnosis expert system. International Journal of Medical Engineering and
Informatics, 1(3), 307-317.
[15] Ravichandran, A.T., Srinivas, J., Karthick, R., Manikandan, A., & Baykal, A. (2018). Facile combustion
synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial studies of Bi1− xAlxFeO3 (0.0≤ x≤ 0.15)
nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13247-13252.
[16] Thovhogi, N., Park, E., Manikandan, E., Maaza, M., & Gurib-Fakim, A. (2016). Physical properties of
CdO nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry via Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower extract. Journal of Alloys
and Compounds, 655, 314-320.
[17] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Wide area wireless networks-IETF. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2042-2046.
[18] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., & Srinivasan, V. (2014). Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded
multilevel inverter. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 1785- 1791.
[19] Achudhan, M., Jayakumar M.P. (2014). Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated
catalyst. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(23), 23013.
[20] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). Application of pattern recognition for farsi
license plate recognition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1768-1774.
[21] Jebaraj, S., Iniyan S. (2006). Renewable energy programmes in India. International Journal of Global
Energy Issues, 26(43528), 232-257.
[22] Sharmila, S., & Jeyanthi Rebecca, L. (2013). Md Saduzzaman., Biodegradation of domestic effluent using
different solvent extracts of Murraya koenigii. J Chem and Pharm Res, 5(2), 279-282.
[23] Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K.M., Saleh, T.A., Manikandan A., & Baykal, A.
(2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 nanoferrites: magneto-optical
investigation. Ceramics International, 44(5), 5751-5759.
[24] Rani, A.J., & Mythili, S.V. (2014). Study on total antioxidant status in relation to oxidative stress in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(3), 108-110.
[25] Karthik, B. (2014). Arulselvi, Noise removal using mixtures of projected gaussian scale mixtures. Middle-[6] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., & Ramu, G. (2014). Preparation and
characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(7), 812-814.
[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &
Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for
supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,
449-459.
[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped
azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.
[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference
intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.
[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation
system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and
Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba
hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.
[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating
associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.
[13] Kumar, S.S., Karrunakaran, C.M., Rao, M.R.K., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2011). Inhibitory effects of
Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of
carcinogenesis, 10.
[14] Beula Devamalar, P.M., Thulasi Bai, V., & Srivatsa, S.K. (2009). Design and architecture of real time webcentric tele health diabetes diagnosis expert system. International Journal of Medical Engineering and
Informatics, 1(3), 307-317.
[15] Ravichandran, A.T., Srinivas, J., Karthick, R., Manikandan, A., & Baykal, A. (2018). Facile combustion
synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial studies of Bi1− xAlxFeO3 (0.0≤ x≤ 0.15)
nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13247-13252.
[16] Thovhogi, N., Park, E., Manikandan, E., Maaza, M., & Gurib-Fakim, A. (2016). Physical properties of
CdO nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry via Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower extract. Journal of Alloys
and Compounds, 655, 314-320.
[17] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Wide area wireless networks-IETF. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2042-2046.
[18] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., & Srinivasan, V. (2014). Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded
multilevel inverter. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 1785- 1791.
[19] Achudhan, M., Jayakumar M.P. (2014). Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated
catalyst. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(23), 23013.
[20] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). Application of pattern recognition for farsi
license plate recognition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1768-1774.
[21] Jebaraj, S., Iniyan S. (2006). Renewable energy programmes in India. International Journal of Global
Energy Issues, 26(43528), 232-257.
[22] Sharmila, S., & Jeyanthi Rebecca, L. (2013). Md Saduzzaman., Biodegradation of domestic effluent using
different solvent extracts of Murraya koenigii. J Chem and Pharm Res, 5(2), 279-282.
[23] Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K.M., Saleh, T.A., Manikandan A., & Baykal, A.
(2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 nanoferrites: magneto-optical
investigation. Ceramics International, 44(5), 5751-5759.
[24] Rani, A.J., & Mythili, S.V. (2014). Study on total antioxidant status in relation to oxidative stress in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(3), 108-110.
[25] Karthik, B. (2014). Arulselvi, Noise removal using mixtures of projected gaussian scale mixtures. Middle-[6] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., & Ramu, G. (2014). Preparation and
characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(7), 812-814.
[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &
Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for
supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,
449-459.
[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped
azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.
[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference
intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.
[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation
system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and
Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba
hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.
[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating
associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.
[13] Kumar, S.S., Karrunakaran, C.M., Rao, M.R.K., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2011). Inhibitory effects of
Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of
carcinogenesis, 10.
[14] Beula Devamalar, P.M., Thulasi Bai, V., & Srivatsa, S.K. (2009). Design and architecture of real time webcentric tele health diabetes diagnosis expert system. International Journal of Medical Engineering and
Informatics, 1(3), 307-317.
[15] Ravichandran, A.T., Srinivas, J., Karthick, R., Manikandan, A., & Baykal, A. (2018). Facile combustion
synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial studies of Bi1− xAlxFeO3 (0.0≤ x≤ 0.15)
nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13247-13252.
[16] Thovhogi, N., Park, E., Manikandan, E., Maaza, M., & Gurib-Fakim, A. (2016). Physical properties of
CdO nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry via Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower extract. Journal of Alloys
and Compounds, 655, 314-320.
[17] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Wide area wireless networks-IETF. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2042-2046.
[18] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., & Srinivasan, V. (2014). Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded
multilevel inverter. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 1785- 1791.
[19] Achudhan, M., Jayakumar M.P. (2014). Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated
catalyst. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(23), 23013.
[20] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). Application of pattern recognition for farsi
license plate recognition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1768-1774.
[21] Jebaraj, S., Iniyan S. (2006). Renewable energy programmes in India. International Journal of Global
Energy Issues, 26(43528), 232-257.
[22] Sharmila, S., & Jeyanthi Rebecca, L. (2013). Md Saduzzaman., Biodegradation of domestic effluent using
different solvent extracts of Murraya koenigii. J Chem and Pharm Res, 5(2), 279-282.
[23] Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K.M., Saleh, T.A., Manikandan A., & Baykal, A.
(2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 nanoferrites: magneto-optical
investigation. Ceramics International, 44(5), 5751-5759.
[24] Rani, A.J., & Mythili, S.V. (2014). Study on total antioxidant status in relation to oxidative stress in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(3), 108-110.
[25] Karthik, B. (2014). Arulselvi, Noise removal using mixtures of projected gaussian scale mixtures. Middle-[6] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., & Ramu, G. (2014). Preparation and
characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(7), 812-814.
[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &
Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for
supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,
449-459.
[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped
azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.
[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference
intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.
[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation
system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and
Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba
hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.
[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating
associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific
Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.
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