Preparation and Characterization of Soap Nut Biodiesel

Authors

  • V. Jose Ananth Vino Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Selaiyur, Chennai Author
  • Ashish Patel UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Selaiyur, Chennai Author
  • Arun Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Selaiyur, Chennai Author
  • Abhishek Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Selaiyur, Chennai Author
  • Ajay Yadav UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Selaiyur, Chennai Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61841/11597q97

Keywords:

Soap-Nut Oil (Sapindus Mukorossi), Esterification, Transesterification, Biodiesel.

Abstract

 Biodiesel is an alternative fuel source that is used in engines. Biodiesel is produced from animal fat, waste cooking oil, soap-nut oil (Sapindus mukorossi), soybean, jetropha oil, etc. Biodiesel is very useful for developing India because biodiesel is useful for the environment. we know diesel and petrol are fossil fuels they will exhaust in future That’s why we need to focus on biodiesel, which is renewable energy sources the method to make biodiesel is first Esterification of soap-nut oil, methanol and H2SO4 added with soap-nut oil at 60 °C reaction time for 1 h. The base catalyst KOH was used in transesterification to convert the soap-nut oil into biodiesel. In this research paper, we test the viscosity before the transesterification and after the transesterification. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Virtual instrumentation based process of

agriculture by automation. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12): 2604-2612.

[2] Udayakumar, R., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., & Khanaa, T.K. (2014). Data mining a boon: Predictive system for

university topper women in academia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 29(14): 86-90.

[3] Anbuselvi, S., Rebecca, L.J., Kumar, M.S., & Senthilvelan, T. (2012). GC-MS study of phytochemicals in

black gram using two different organic manures. J Chem Pharm Res., 4, 1246-1250.

[4] Subramanian, A.P., Jaganathan, S.K., Manikandan, A., Pandiaraj, K.N., Gomathi, N., & Supriyanto, E.

(2016). Recent trends in nano-based drug delivery systems for efficient delivery of phytochemicals in

chemotherapy. RSC Advances, 6(54), 48294-48314.

[5] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Partial encryption and partial inference control

based disclosure in effective cost cloud. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2456-2459.

[6] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., & Ramu, G. (2014). Preparation and

characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell. Middle-East Journal of Scientific

Research, 20(7), 812-814.

[7] Maruthamani, D., Vadivel, S., Kumaravel, M., Saravanakumar, B., Paul, B., Dhar, S.S., Manikandan, A., &

Ramadoss, G. (2017). Fine cutting edge shaped Bi2O3rods/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite for

supercapacitor and visible-light photocatalytic applications. Journal of colloid and interface science, 498,

449-459.

[8] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Electrical properties of doped

azopolyester. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11). 1402-1412.

[9] Subhashree, A.R., Parameaswari, P.J., Shanthi, B., Revathy, C., & Parijatham, B.O. (2012). The reference

intervals for the haematological parameters in healthy adult population of chennai, southern India. Journal

of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 6(10), 1675-1680.

[10] Niranjan, U., Subramanyam, R.B.V., & Khanaa, V. (2010, September). Developing a web recommendation

system based on closed sequential patterns. In International Conference on Advances in Information and

Communication Technologies, 101, 171-179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[11] Slimani, Y., Baykal, A., & Manikandan, A. (2018). Effect of Cr3+ substitution on AC susceptibility of Ba

hexaferrite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 458, 204-212.

[12] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., & Baskar, D. (2014). Solar industrial process heating

associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating. Middle East Journal of Scientific

Research, 20(11), 1686-1688.

[13] Kumar, S.S., Karrunakaran, C.M., Rao, M.R.K., & Balasubramanian, M.P. (2011). Inhibitory effects of

Indigofera aspalathoides on 20-methylcholanthrene-induced chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of

carcinogenesis, 10.

[14] Beula Devamalar, P.M., Thulasi Bai, V., & Srivatsa, S.K. (2009). Design and architecture of real time webcentric tele health diabetes diagnosis expert system. International Journal of Medical Engineering and

Informatics, 1(3), 307-317.

[15] Ravichandran, A.T., Srinivas, J., Karthick, R., Manikandan, A., & Baykal, A. (2018). Facile combustion

synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and antibacterial studies of Bi1− xAlxFeO3 (0.0≤ x≤ 0.15)

nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 44(11), 13247-13252.

[16] Thovhogi, N., Park, E., Manikandan, E., Maaza, M., & Gurib-Fakim, A. (2016). Physical properties of

CdO nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry via Hibiscus Sabdariffa flower extract. Journal of Alloys

and Compounds, 655, 314-320.

[17] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2014). Wide area wireless networks-IETF. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2042-2046.

[18] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., & Srinivasan, V. (2014). Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded

multilevel inverter. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 1785- 1791.

[19] Achudhan, M., Jayakumar M.P. (2014). Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated

catalyst. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(23), 23013.

[20] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). Application of pattern recognition for farsi

license plate recognition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1768-1774.

[21] Jebaraj, S., Iniyan S. (2006). Renewable energy programmes in India. International Journal of Global

Energy Issues, 26(43528), 232-257.

[22] Sharmila, S., & Jeyanthi Rebecca, L. (2013). Md Saduzzaman., Biodegradation of domestic effluent using

different solvent extracts of Murraya koenigii. J Chem and Pharm Res, 5(2), 279-282.

[23] Asiri, S., Sertkol, M., Guner, S., Gungunes, H., Batoo, K.M., Saleh, T.A., Manikandan A., & Baykal, A.

(2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of CoyZnyMn1-2yFe2O4 nanoferrites: magneto-optical

investigation. Ceramics International, 44(5), 5751-5759.

[24] Rani, A.J., & Mythili, S.V. (2014). Study on total antioxidant status in relation to oxidative stress in type 2

diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(3), 108-110.

[25] Karthik, B. (2014). Arulselvi, Noise removal using mixtures of projected gaussian scale mixtures. MiddleEast Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2335-2340.

[26] Karthik, B., Arulselvi, & Selvaraj, A. (2014). Test data compression architecture for low power VLSI

testing. Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(12), 2331-2334.

[27] Vijayaragavan, S.P., Karthik, B., & Kiran Kumar, T.V.U. (2014). Privacy conscious screening framework

for frequently moving objects. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(8), 1000-1005.

[28] Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Parameswari, D., & Udayakumar, R. (2013). QOS aware privacy preserving location

monitoring in wireless sensor network. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(5), 4648-4652.

[29] Silambarasu, A., Manikandan, A., & Balakrishnan, K. (2017). Room-temperature superparamagnetism and

enhanced photocatalytic activity of magnetically reusable spinel ZnFe 2 O 4 nanocatalysts. Journal of

Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 30(9), 2631-2640.

[30] Jasmin, M., Vigneshwaran, T., & Beulah Hemalatha, S. (2015). Design of power aware on chip embedded

memory based FSM encoding in FPGA. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(2),

4487-4496.

[31] Philomina, S., & Karthik, B. (2014). Wi-Fi energy meter implementation using embedded linux in ARM

9. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20, 2434-2438.

[32] Vijayaragavan, S.P., Karthik, B., & Kiran Kumar, T.V.U. (2014). A DFIG based wind generation system

with unbalanced stator and grid condition. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(8), 913-917.

[33] Rajakumari, S.B., & Nalini, C. (2014). An efficient data mining dataset preparation using aggregation in

relational database. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 7, 44-46.

[34] Karthik, B., Kiran Kumar, T.V.U., Vijayaragavan, P., & Bharath Kumaran, E. (2013). Design of a digital

PLL using 0.35 μm CMOS technology. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(12), 1803-1806.

[35] Sudhakara, P., Jagadeesh, D., Wang, Y., Prasad, C.V., Devi, A.K., Balakrishnan, G., Kim B.S., & Song, J.I.

(2013). Fabrication of Borassus fruit lignocellulose fiber/PP composites and comparison with jute, sisal and

coir fibers. Carbohydrate polymers, 98(1), 1002-1010.

[36] Kanniga, E., & Sundararajan, M. (2011). Modelling and characterization of DCO using pass transistors.

In Future Intelligent Information Systems, 86(1), 451-457. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[37] Sachithanandam, P., Meikandaan, T.P., & Srividya, T. Steel framed multi storey residential building

analysis and design. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(22), 5527-5529.

[38] Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Udayakumar, R., Parameswari, D., & Mugunthan, S.N. (2013). Highly secured online

voting system over network. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(S6), 4831-4836.

[39] Sathyaseelan, B., Manikandan, E., Lakshmanan, V., Baskaran, I., Sivakumar, K., Ladchumananandasivam,

R., Kennedy, J., & Maaza, M. (2016). Structural, optical and morphological properties of post-growth

calcined TiO2 nanopowder for opto-electronic device application: Ex-situ studies. Journal of Alloys and

Compounds, 671, 486-492.

[40] Saravanan, T., Sundar Raj M., & Gopalakrishnan K. (2014). SMES technology, SMES and facts system,

applications, advantages and technical limitations. Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, 20(11),

1353-1358.

[41] Kashanian, H., & Peashdad, M.H., & Kondori, M.A.P. (2016). Development of umbrella activities in agile

methodologies. International Academic Journal of Innovative Research, 3(1), 27-31.

[42] Sasikala, A., & Kumaresan, K. (2015). A Review of Secure Protocols on Wireless Network Technologies.

International Journal of Communication and Computer Technologies, 3(2), 79-88.

[43] Monika, S., & Anand, C. (2015). A Study on Large-Scale Social Tagging Behavior of User in online Social

Network. International Journal of Communication and Computer Technologies, 3(2), 89-97.

[44] Suganya, K., & Mummoorthy, A. (2015). A Survey on Attacks, Security and Challenges in Wireless

Sensor Networks. International Journal of Communication and Computer Technologies, 3(2), 98-103.

[45] Yamini, R., & Dr. Germanus Alex, M. (2018). Efficient Resource Management in Cloud Computing Using

Non Operational Elements. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management

Science, 8(1), 06to08.

[46] Gharagozlou, H., & Mahboobi, M. (2015). Assessment of need for attention to the issue of security in

usage of Information Technology (Including Case study). International Academic Journal of Science and

Engineering, 2(12), 31-45.

[47] Ghaforiyan, H., & Emadi, M. (2016). Human face recognition under pose variation with fusion geometric

methods. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 3(1), 1-9.

[48] Rashki, Z., & Mahdavi, S.J.S. (2016). Novel Design of Optical Channel Drop Filter Based on Photonic

Crystal Ring Resonators. International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 3(1), 108-117.

[49] Devaarul, S., & Iyapparaja, M. (2018). A Review of Big Data Examination in Medicinal Services and

Government. Bonfring International Journal of Networking Technologies and Applications, 5(2), 15-17.

[50] Einstein, & Young. (2017). Generation of Frequent Itemset with Bit Stream Mask Search and Sparse Bit

Mask Search. Bonfring International Journal of Power Systems and Integrated Circuits, 7(2), 1-5.

Downloads

Published

31.08.2019

How to Cite

Ananth Vino, V. J., Patel, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., & Yadav, A. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Soap Nut Biodiesel. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23(3), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.61841/11597q97