The Impact of Organizational Justice Dimensions on Organizational Commitment among Bank Employees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/jce1v126Keywords:
distributive justice, Procedural justice, Interactional justice, organizational commitment, bank.Abstract
Organizational commitment has been acknowledged as a psychological state describing the connection between an employee and his or her organization, and this state means the choice to proceed or discontinue participation in an organization. However, limited studies have been conducted in the banking sector to examine the impact of organizational justice on organizational commitment, especially in Middle Eastern countries. Purpose: of this study to examine the impact of organizational justice on organizational commitment among employee banks. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Trade Bank of Iraq, Baghdad. data collection tool by questionnaire. 177 valid questionnaires have been analyzed by SPSS software. Main Findings: showed that all three components of organizational justice, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, have a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment among bank employees. Implications/Applications: The research is useful to banks that face decreased their employees' commitment and makes the banks less afraid of decreasing employee allegiance to the bank and, on the other hand, allows it to accomplish its objectives effectively and efficiently. Originality/Novelty: This study contributes to enriching the body of knowledge in Middle East countries, particularly in Iraq and the banking sector, by examining the impact of organizational justice on organizational commitment.
Downloads
References
[1] Adams, J.S. (1965), Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press. p267-
299.
[2] Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the
organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
[3] Akiate, Y. W. D. (2018). Employees' Trust towards Management and Organizational Commitment after a Bank's Merger and Acquisition:
Mediated by Procedural Justice. International Journal of Business & Management Science, 8(1).
[4] Baker, T., Gordon, J. A., & Taxman, F. S. (2015). A Hierarchical Analysis of Correctional Officers’ Procedural Justice Judgments of
Correctional Institutions: Examining the Influence of Transformational Leadership. Justice Quarterly, 32(6), 1037–1063.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2013.877517
[5] Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The relationship between training and organizational commitment: A study in the health care field. Human Resource
Development Quarterly, 12(4), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1001
[6] Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth, D. M., & Gilbert, N. L. (1996). Foci and Bases of Employee Commitment: Implications for Job
Performance. The Academy OfManagement Journal, 39(2), 464–482. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536587
[7] Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice: communication criteria of fairness. In Research in negotiations in organizations.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02581.x
[8] Bies, R.J. (2001), “Interactional (in)justice: the sacred and the profane”, in Greenberg, J. and Cropanzano, R. (Eds), Advances in
Organizational Justice, Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 85-108
[9] Bies, R.J. (2005), “Are procedural justice and interactional justice conceptually distinct?”, in Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J.A. (Eds),
Handbook of Organizational Justice, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 85-112.
[10] Brockner, J., De Cremer, D., Fishman, A. Y., & Spiegel, S. (2008). When does high procedural fairness reduce self-evaluations following
unfavorable outcomes?: The moderating effect of prevention focus. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(2), 187–200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.03.002
[11] Brockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (1996). An Integrative Framework for Explaining Reactions to Decisions: Interactive Effects of
Outcomes and Procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 189–208.
[12] Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. Lonner & J. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural
research (pp. 137–164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
[13] Cohen, A. (2007). Commitment before and after: An evaluation and reconceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource
Management Review, 17(3), 336–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.05.001
[14] Colquitt, J. a. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. The Journal of Applied
Psychology, 86(3), 386–400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386
[15] Colquitt, J. A., Greenberg, J., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2005). What is organizational justice? A historical overview. Handbook of
organizational justice, 1, 3-58.
[16] Crow, M. M., Lee, C. B., & Joo, J. J. (2012). Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers:
An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing, 35(2), 402–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511211230156
[17] De Cremer, D., van Dijke, M., & Bos, A. E. R. (2007). Leader’s procedural justice affecting identification and trust. Leadership and
Organization Development Journal, 37(8), 1797–1816. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610692416
[18] Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On Seeing Human: A Three-Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism. Psychological Review,
114(4), 864–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864
[19] Farmer, S. J., Beehr, T. A., & Love, K. G. (2003). Becoming an undercover police officer : a note on fairness perceptions , behavior , and
attitudes y Perceptions of Fairness Regarding Organizational Decisions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(7), 373–387.
[20] Fornes, S. L., Rocco, T. S., & Wollard, K. K. (2008). Workplace commitment: A conceptual model developed from integrative review of
the research. Human Resource Development Review, 7(3), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484308318760
[21] Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399–432.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208
[22] Greenberg, I. (1987), A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9-22.
[23] Greenberg, J. (1982), Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in groups and organizations. In: Greenberg, J., Cohen, R.L., editors.
[24] Greenberg, J., & Baron, A.R. (2013). Organizational psychology and behavior (trans. A.-S. Antoniou). Athens: Gutenberg.
[25] Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2005). Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional
officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(6), 611–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010
[26] Griffin, M. L., Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Tucker-Gail, K. A., & Baker, D. N. (2010). Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and
organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 239–255.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809351682
[27] Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. In Multivariate Data
Analysis: A Global Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.019
[28] Janssen, O., Lam, C. K., & Huang, X. (2010). Predicting Marital Happiness and Stability from Newlywed Interactions Published by :
National Council on Family Relations Predicting Marital Happiness and Stability from Newlywed Interactions. Journal of Marriage and
Family, 31(6), 787–809. https://doi.org/10.1002/job
[29] Kumasey, A. S., & Delle, E. (2019). Not all justices are equal : the unique effects of organizational justice on the behaviour and attitude of
government workers in Ghana. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852319829538
[30] Kwong, J. Y. Y., & Leung, K. (2002). A moderator of the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability: Importance of
the relationship. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 87(2), 278–299. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2966
[31] Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Allen, R. I. (2006). Correlates of correctional officer job stress: The impact of organizational structure.
American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02885893
[32] Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Griffin, M. L. (2007). The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job
satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(6), 644–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.09.001
[33] Lambert, E. G., & Liu, J. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Organizational Justice and Work Attitudes Among Chinese Prison Staff. (April).
https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885518764919
[34] Loi, R., Hang-yue, N., & Foley, S. (2006). Copyright © The British Psychological Society Linking employees ’ justice perceptions to
organizational commitment and intention to leave : The mediating role of perceived organizational support Copyright © The British
Psychological Society. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(1), 101–120.
https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X39657
[35] Lum, L., Kervin, J., Clark, K., Reid, F., & Sirola, W. (1998). Explaining nursing turnover intent: Job satisfaction, pay satisfaction, or
organizational commitment? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(3), 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-
1379(199805)19:3<305::AID-JOB843>3.0.CO;2-N
[36] McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (1992). Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and
organizational outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), 626-637
[37] Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment: An Integrative Literature Review.
Human Resource Development Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
[38] Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace Toward a general model meyer2001. Human Resource Management
Review, 11(3), 299–326.
[39] Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective , Continuance , and Normative Commitment to the
Organization : A Meta-analysis of Antecedents , Correlates , and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
[40] Meyer, John P., and Natalie J. Allen. Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage, 1997.
[41] Meyer, P. J., & Allen, J. N. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management
Review, 1, 61−89.
[42] Meyer, P. J., & Allen, J. N. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[43] Minibas-Poussard, J., Le Roy, J., & Erkmen, T. (2017). The moderating role of individual variables in the relationship between
organizational justice and organizational commitment. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1635–1650. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2015-0311
[44] Moon, T. W., Hur, W. M., Ko, S. H., Kim, J. W., & Yoon, S. W. (2014). Bridging corporate social responsibility and compassion at work:
Relations to organizational justice and affective organizational commitment. Career Development International, 19(1), 49–72.
https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-05-2013-0060
[45] Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior,
14(2), 224–247.
[46] Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
[47] Qureshi, H., Frank, J., Lambert, E. G., Klahm, C., & Smith, B. (2017). Organisational justice’s relationship with job satisfaction and
organisational commitment among Indian police. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, 90(1), 3–23.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x16662684
[48] Rahman, A., Khan, M. F., Shahzad, N., Mustafa, K., & Qurashi, F. (2016). Effects of organizational justice on organizational commitment.
International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(3), 188–196.
[49] Sani, A., & Soetjipto, B. E. (2016). Organizational justice and the role of organizational commitment in mediating the effect of job
satisfaction on intention to leave (a study at bank syariah mandiri in malang). International Journal of Economic Research, 13(2), 587–
601.
[50] Shore, L. M. & Shore, T. H. (1995). Perceived organizational support and organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano & K. M. Kacmar
(Eds.), Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing social climate at work (pp. 149–164). Westport, CT: Quorum Press
[51] Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the Workplace : The Roles of Distributive ,. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(3),
434–443. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.82.3.434
[52] Wallace, J. E. (1995). Organizational and Professional Commitment in Professional and Nonprofessional Organizations. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 40(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393637
[53] Zacharo, K., Koutsoukos, M., & Panta, D. (2018). Connection of Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Transformational Leadership.
A Case Study from Greece. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17(8), 89–106.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.