Intention to Purchase Counterfeit Products in an Islamic Country. A Quantitative Study among Females in Lahore, Pakistan.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/md6cxn76Keywords:
purchase intention, luxury counterfeit products, social influence, easy access, price, past experience, materialism, female consumersAbstract
The consumption of counterfeit luxury products is growing day by day all around the world and is affecting original product manufacturers. The aim of this paper was to investigate the factors, which contribute to the intention to purchase of luxury counterfeit products by female customers in an Islamic country. The five predictors of intention to purchase were price, easy access, past experience, materialism and social influence. Quantitative approach was used for this research and cross-sectional data was collected through a survey. Primary data was gathered from 271 respondents by using self-administered questionnaires in Lahore, Pakistan. The result of this study revealed that all the predictors in this study except price had a positive and significant impact on intention to purchase branded counterfeit products by females. This study revealed that female consumers are influenced mainly by past experience of purchasing counterfeit products. Therefore, the authorities and marketers should develop appropriate strategies and measures to curb the growth of trade in counterfeit products. The findings of this study provide knowledge and understanding of the factors that influence the purchase intention of luxury counterfeit products in an Islamic country.
Downloads
References
1. Aiken, Leona S. and Stephen G. West (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Sage Publications, Inc..
2. Ajzen, (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2) (1991), pp. 179-211
3. Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(5), 453–474.
4. Ali, M. and Farhat, K. (2017). Antecedents of Attitude Toward Counterfeit Wrist Watches. Pakistan Business Review, 19(1), pp.251-166.
5. Amaldoss, W., & Jain, S. (2005). Conspicuous consumption and sophisticated thinking. Management Science, 51, 1449–1466.
6. Ang, S.H., Cheng, P.S., Lim, E.A.C. and Tambyah, S.K. (2001). Spot the difference: consumer responses towards counterfeits. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(3), pp. 219-235.
7. Asch, S. E. (1952). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
8. Augusto de Matos, C., Trindade Ituassu, C. and Vargas Rossi, C.A. (2007). Consumer attitudes toward counterfeits: a review and extension. Journal of consumer Marketing, 24(1), pp.36-47.
9. Belk, R.W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer research, 12(3), pp.265-280.
10. Bian, X., Wang, K.Y., Smith, A. and Yannopoulou, N. (2016). New insights into unethical counterfeit consumption. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), pp.4249-4258.
11. BusinessWire, (2019). (Online). Available at https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171222005, (Assessed, July 19,2019)
12. Chi, H. K., Yeh, H. R., & Yang, Y. T. (2009). The impact of brand awareness on consumer purchase intention: The mediating effect of perceived quality and brand loyalty. The Journal of International Management Studies, 4(1), 135–144.
13. Chaudary, M. W. T., Ahmed, F., Gill, M. S., & Rizwan, M. (2014). The determinants of purchase intention of consumers towards counterfeit shoes in Pakistan. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 4(3), 20.
14. Chiu, W. and Leng, H. (2015). Consumers’ intention to purchase counterfeit sporting goods in Singapore and Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(1), pp. 23-36.
15. Chogahara, M., 1999. A multidimensional scale for assessing positive and negative social influences on physical activity in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54(6), pp. 356-367.
16. Commuri, S. (2009). The Impact of Counterfeiting on Genuine-Item Consumers’ Brand Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 86-98.
17. Davidson, A., Nepomuceno, M.V. and Laroche, M. (2019). Shame on you: when materialism leads to purchase intentions toward counterfeit products. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(2), pp.479-494.
18. Diallo, M. and Siqueira Jr, J. (2017). How previous positive experiences with store brands affect purchase intention in emerging countries. International Marketing Review, 34(4), pp. 536-558
19. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage
20. Furnham, A. and Valgeirsson, H. (2007). The effect of life values and materialism on buying counterfeit products. Journal of Socio-Economics, 36 (5) (2007), pp. 677-685
21. Gentry, J.W., Putrevu, S., Shultz, C. and Commuri, S. (2001). How now ralph Lauren? The separation of Brand and product in a counterfeit culture. Advances in Consumer Research, 28, pp. 258-265.
22. Goldsmith, R. E. (2002). Explaining and predicting consumer intention to purchase over the Internet: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10, 22–28.
23. Herrmann, A., Huber, F. and Higie Coulter, R. (1997). Product and service bundling decisions and their effects on purchase intention. Pricing Strategy and Practice, 5(3), pp. 99-107.
24. Hsu, C.L. and Lin, J.C.C. (2016). Effect of perceived value and social influences on mobile app stickiness and in-app purchase intention. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, pp.42-53.
25. Hung, K., Chen, A. H., Peng, N., Hackley, C., Tiwsakul, R. A., and Chou, C. L. (2011). Antecedents of luxury brand purchase intention. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 20(6), 457–467.
26. Ian Phau, I., Teah, M. and Lee, A. (2009). Targeting buyers of counterfeits of luxury brands: a study on
attitudes of Singaporean consumers. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 17(1). 1,
pp. 3-15.
27. Jamil, K., Ali, M.A. and Akram, N., 2017. A Study of Factors Affecting Consumers’ Willingness to buy
Counterfeit Products. Information Management and Business Review, 9(6), pp.18-25.
28. Johnson, P. and Clark, M. (2006). Research Methods in Business and Management: Volume. London:
Sage.
29. Khan, A.S., Shabbir, R. and Majeed, S. (2017). Ascertaining the leading antecedents of willingness to buy
counterfeit luxury fashion products: an evaluation and extension. City Univ. Res. J, pp.153-163.
30. Konuk, F. (2015). The effects of price consciousness and sale proneness on purchase intention towards
expiration date-based priced perishable foods. British Food Journal, 117(2), pp. 793-804
31. Kotler, P and Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing Management.14th Edition. New Jersey. Published by Prentice
Hall.
32. Kozar, J. M., &Marcketti, S. B. (2011). Examining ethics and materialism with purchase of counterfeits.
Social Responsibility Journal, 7(3), 393-404.
33. Lin, L.Y. and Lu, C.Y. (2010). The influence of corporate image, relationship marketing, and trust on
purchase intention: the moderating effects of word-of-mouth. Tourism review, 65(3), pp.16-34.
34. Maichum, K., Parichatnon, S., & Peng, K. C. (2016). Application of the extended theory of planned
behavior model to investigate purchase intention of green products among Thai consumers. Sustainability
(Switzerland), 8(10), pp 1077.
35. Mason, R.S. (2001). Conspicuous consumption: a literature review. European Journal of Marketing, 18(3),
pp. 26-39.
36. Mirabi, V., Akbariyeh, H., Tahmasebifard, H. (2015). A Study of Factors Affecting on Customers Purchase
Intention Case Study: The Agencies of Bono Brand Tile in Tehran. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering
Science and Technology (JMEST) 2, 267–273.
37. Mir, I.A., Rizwan, M. and Saboor, F., 2012. Pricing and accessibility impact on young consumers' attitude towards non-deceptive counterfeits and their purchase intentions: a case of Pakistani mobile phone market. Актуальніпроблемиекономіки, (4), pp.406-414.
38. Michaelidou, N., & Christodoulides, G. (2011). Antecedents of attitude and intention towards counterfeit symbolic and experiential products. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(9–10), 976–991.
39. Moon, M.A., Javaid, B., Kiran, M., Awan, H.M. and Farooq, A. (2018). Consumer perceptions of counterfeit clothing and apparel products attributes. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 36(7), pp.794-808.
40. Moutinho, L., &Bian, X. (2011). The role of brand image, product involvement, and knowledge in explaining consumer purchase behavior of counterfeit: Direct and indirect effects. European Journal of Marketing, 45(1/2), 191–216.
41. Nguyen, T. H., &Gizaw, A. (2014). Factors that influence consumer purchasing decision of Private Label Food Products: A case study of ICA Basic. (Online). Available at http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:705384/fulltext01.pdf (Assessed June 20, 2019).
42. Noh, M., Runyan, R. and Mosier, J. (2014). Young consumers’ innovativeness and hedonic/utilitarian cool attitudes. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(4), pp. 267-280.
43. Noor, N.A.M., Muhammad, A., Ahmad, N.A. and Ghani, A. (2018). The Influence of Product Attributes, Attitudes and Social Influence on Intention to Purchase Pirated CDs among Malaysian Consumers. International Journal of Business & Management Science, 8(1).
44. OECD (2019). (Online). Available at https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/trade-in-fake-goods-is-now-33-ofworld-trade-and-rising.htm (Assessed July 15, 2019)
45. Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134.
46. Pallant, J., 2010. SPSS survival manual. A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. Australia: Allen & Unwin.
47. Phau, I., Sequeira, M. and Dix, S. (2009). Consumers' willingness to knowingly purchase counterfeit products. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(4), pp. 262-281.
48. Rasheed, A., Farhan, M., Zahid, M., Javed, N., & Rizwan, M. (2014). Customer’s Purchase Intention of Counterfeit Mobile Phones in Pakistan. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 4(3), 39.
49. Riquelme, H., Mahdi Sayed Abbas, E. and Rios, R. (2012). Intention to purchase fake products in an Islamic country. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 5(1), pp. 6-22
50. Richins, M.L. and Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), pp. 303-316.
51. Raza, M. A., Ahad, M. A., Shafqat, M. A., Aurangzaib, M., & Rizwan, M. (2014). The Determinants of
Purchase Intention towards Counterfeit Mobile Phones in Pakistan. Journal of Public Administration and
Governance, 4(3), 1.
52. Saeed, F. and G. Grunert, K. (2014). Expected and experienced quality as predictors of intention to purchase
four new processed beef products. British food journal, 116(3), pp.451-471.
53. San Martín, H., & Herrero, Á. (2012). Influence of the user’s psychological factors on the online purchase
intention in rural tourism: Integrating innovativeness to the UTAUT framework. Tourism Management, 33(2),
341–350.
54. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. Essex: Pearson
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). West
Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
55. Shahin Sharifi, S. (2014). Impacts of the trilogy of emotion on future purchase intentions in products of
high involvement under the mediating role of brand awareness. European Business Review, 26(1), pp. 43-63
56. Shrum, L.J., Wong, N., Arif, F., Chugani, S.K., Gunz, A., Lowrey, T.M., Nairn, A., Pandelaere, M., Ross,
S.M., Ruvio, A. and Scott, K. (2013). Reconceptualizing materialism as identity goal pursuits: Functions,
processes, and consequences. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), pp.1179-1185.
57. Steinhart, Y., Mazursky, D., &Kamins, M. A. (2013). The process by which product availability triggers
purchase. Marketing Letters, 24(3), 21
58. Tabachnick, B.G. and L.S. Fidell, 2013. Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
59. Tajfel H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge Univ. Press
60. Turner JC. (1991). Social Influence. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole
61. The Global Brand Counterfeiting Report (2018). (Online).
62. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4438394/global (Assessed July 20, 2019)
63. The Guardian (2019). Online retail fueling rapid rise in sales of fake goods, says OECD. The Guardian, 18
Mar 2019 (Online). Available at https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/mar/18/online-retail (Assessed
July 25, 2019).
64. The News (2019). 65% consumer products sold in Pakistan are fake. The News, Aug 11. (Online) Available
at 2019. https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/98237 (Assessed, August 2, 2019).
65. Tedeschi, J. T. (1974). Perspectives on Social Power. Chicago: Aldine.
66. Ting, M.S., Goh, Y.N. and Isa, S.M. (2016). Determining consumer purchase intentions toward counterfeit
luxury goods in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), pp.219-230.
67. Tom, G., Garibaldi, B., Zeng, Y. and Pilcher, J. (1998). Consumer demand for counterfeit goods”, Psychology and Marketing. 15(5), pp. 405 ‐21.
68. Verhallen, T. M. M. (1982). Scarcity and consumer choice behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 2, 299–322.
69. Wilcox, K., Kim, H.M. and Sen, S. (2009). Why Do Consumers Buy Counterfeit Luxury Brands? Journal of Marketing Research, 46(2), pp. 247-259.
70. Yoo, B. and Lee, S. H. (2012). Asymmetrical effects of past experiences with original fashion luxury brands and their counterfeits on purchase intention of each. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1507-1515.
71. Zhang, L., Cude, B.J. and Zhao, H., 2019. Determinants of Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions for luxury goods. International Journal of Market Research, p.1470785319853674.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.