Exercise Habits, Hematogram and Blood Chemistry of Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Risk For Metabolic Syndrome, Bantul Public Health Center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/7080gq34Keywords:
exercise habit, diabetes mellitus, Hb levels, hematocrit levels, blood sugar levelsAbstract
Exercise habits are one of the WHO recommendations as a form of non-pharmacological therapy in patients with DM. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design in 99 patients at risk for DM. The mean of GDS, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were subjected to a mean difference test with a one-way t-test with 95% significance. The results show that the majority of the research subjects are women, basic education, private employment, exercise habits, average blood cavern level and fasting higher than the target (257.88 ± 117.76 mg/dl), and triglyceride levels (204.66 ± 103.83 mg/dl). There are also Hb levels (12.95 ± 1.49), leukocyte count (8.96 ± 1.96), platelet counts (321.24 ± 0.74) and erythrocytes (4.53 ± 0.55). The cholesterol level of the test subject is also within the normal range (169.72 ± 39.23 mg/dl). The results show that the Hb and hematocrit levels of the exercise group are higher than the non-exercise group (p <0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that exercise activities are associated with an increase in Hb and in hematocrit levels in DM patients at the public health center of Jetis, Bantul. Jetis Bantul Health Center.
Downloads
References
1. Esser A, Gube M, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Lang J. QALY as evaluation tool in a health surveillance program. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(2–3):399–404.
2. Nissa MK. Relationship of Blood Glucose Levels with the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Regional General Hospitals, Cilegon City, 2018.
3. Trikkalinou A, Papazafiropoulou AK, Melidonis A. Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World J Diabetes. 2017;8(4):120.
4. Grandy S, Chapman RH, Fox KM, Group SS. Quality of life and depression of people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those at low and high risk for type 2 diabetes: findings from the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD). Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(4):562–568.
5. Jiao F, Wong CKH, Gangwani R, Tan KCB, Tang SCW, Lam CLK. Health-related quality of life and health preference of Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus managed in primary care and secondary care setting: decrements associated with individual complication and number of complications. Health Qual Life Outcomes.
2017;15(1):125.
6. Chew B-H, Mohd-Sidik S, Shariff-Ghazali S. Negative effects of diabetes–related distress on health-related
quality of life: an evaluation among the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in three primary healthcare
clinics in Malaysia. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13(1):187.
7. Laxy M, Hunger M, Thorand B, Meisinger C, Kirchberger I, Holle R. The Intermediate Burden Of Diabetes
Mellitus In Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd): A Quality Adjusted Life Year (Qaly)-Analysis Based
On Primary Longitudinal Data. Value Health. 2014;17(7):A494.
8. Schwappach DL. Resource allocation, social values and the QALY: a review of the debate and empirical
evidence. Health Expect. 2002;5(3):210–222.
9. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 6th edition. Bruss Belg Int Diabetes Fed. 2015;
10. World Health organization (WHO WH. Global Health Risks-Mortality and burden of disease attributable to
selected major risks. Cancer. 2017;
11. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan
1;38(Supplement_1):S8–16.
12. Clark M. Adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Nurs. 2004;8(10):386–391.
13. Rahman MS, Akter S, Abe SK, Islam MR, Mondal MNI, Rahman JS, et al. Awareness, treatment, and control of
diabetes in Bangladesh: a nationwide population-based study. PloS One. 2015;10(2):e0118365.
14. Amelia R, Lelo A, Lindarto D, Mutiara E. Quality of life and glycemic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
of Indonesian: a descriptive study. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing;
2018. p. 012171.
15. Health Ministry, RI. Basic health research. Jakarta Health Research and Development Agency Dep Health
Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia. 2013;
16. IDF. The Metabolic Syndrome. Int Diabetes Fed.
17. Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world—a growing challenge. N Engl J
Med. 2007;2007(356):213–215.
18. YOGYAKARTA PK. 2015 Health Profile of Yogyakarta City. Yogyakarta City Health Office. 2015;15.
19. Bantul PHO. Bantul Regency Health Profile. Yogyak Dir Jenderal Pelayanan Med. 2010;
20. Akrom A. Factors relate to the hypercreatininemia event of patients at the risk of metabolic syndrome in Jetis I
public health center. pharmaciana.
21. Jellinger PS. Metabolic consequences of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Clin Cornerstone.
2007;8:S30–S42.
22. Brandy S, Fox KM. EQ-5D visual analog scale and utility index values in individuals with diabetes and at risk for
diabetes: Findings from the Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to
Diabetes (SHIELD). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6(1):18.
23. Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, Singh GM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends
in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys
and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2· 7 million participants. The Lancet.
2011;378(9785):31–40.
24. Health Ministry RI. Beware of Diabetes; Eat well, Life well. Jkt Kementrian Kesehat RI. 2014;
25. Peña-Longobardo LM, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Mata-Cases M, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Capel M, Oliva-Moreno J. Is
quality of life different between diabetic and non-diabetic people? The importance of cardiovascular risks. PloS
One. 2017;12(12):e0189505.
26. Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, Roqué i Figuls M, Metzendorf M-I, Richter B. Diet, physical
activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at
increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Libr. 2017;
27. Siddiqui AN, Khayyam KU, Siddiqui N, Sarin R, Sharma M. Diabetes prevalence and its impact on
health-related quality of life in tuberculosis patients. Trop Med Int Health. 2017;22(11):1394–1404.
28. NUWORZA K. Illness Perception, Religiosity and Mental Health of Diabetic Patients in Ghana [PhD Thesis].
University of Ghana; 2013.
29. Indrayana S, Guo S-E, Lin C-L, Fang S-Y. Illness Perception as a Predictor of Foot Care Behavior Among
People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia. J Transcult Nurs. 2018;1043659618772347.
30. Perwitasari DA, Santosa SB, Faridah IN, Kaptein AA. Illness Perceptions and Quality of Life in Patients with
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Indones J Clin Pharm. 2017;6(3):190–199.
31. Sheu WH-H, Ji L-N, Nitiyanant W, Baik SH, Yin D, Mavros P, et al. Hypoglycemia is associated with increased
worry and lower quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents in the Asia-Pacific region. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;96(2):141–148.
32. Nasution A, Simbolon RC, Tanjung HR. Characteristics, Antihyperglycemics Utilization, and Quality of Life in
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to a Primary Health Center. Indones J Pharm Clin Res.
2018;1(1):1–10.
33. Suppapitiporn S, Chindavijak B, Onsanit S. Effect of diabetes drug counseling by pharmacist, diabetic disease
booklet and special medication containers on glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized
controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet. 2005;88:S134–41.
34. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Oren S, Viskoper R, Watts RW, et al. Randomised controlled trial of dual
blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin
dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. Bmj.
2000;321(7274):1440–1444.
35. Franciosi M, Lucisano G, Pellegrini F, Cantarello A, Consoli A, Cucco L, et al. ROSES: role of self-monitoring
of blood glucose and intensive education in patients with Type 2 diabetes not receiving insulin. A pilot
randomized clinical trial. Diabet Med. 2011;28(7):789–796.
36. Indonesia PE. Management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. In consensus. 2011;
37. Borgsteede SD, Westerman MJ, Kok IL, Meeuse JC, de Vries TP, Hugtenburg JG. Factors related to high and
low levels of drug adherence according to patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(5):779.
38. Al Qasem A, Smith F, Clifford S. Adherence to medication among chronic patients in Middle Eastern countries:
review of studies. 2011;
39. Sabaté E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. World Health Organization; 2003.
40. Wabe NT, Angamo MT, Hussein S. Medication adherence in diabetes mellitus and self management practices
among type-2 diabetics in Ethiopia. North Am J Med Sci. 2011;3(9):418.
41. Health Ministry, RI. Basic health research (Riskesdas). The Ministry of Health RI Research and Development
Agency Httpswww K4health OrgsitesdefaultfileslaporanNasional 20Riskesdas. 2007;202007.
42. Spasić A, Radovanović RV, DJord jević AC, Stefanović N, Cvetković T. Quality of life in type 2 diabetic
patients. Acta Fac Medicae Naissensis. 2014;31(3):193–200.
43. YOUNIS BB, Arshad R, Yousuf H, Salman F, Masood J, Khurshid S. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on
quality of life in people with diabetes presenting to a specialist diabetes clinic. Turk J Med Sci.
2017;47(1):123–126.
44. Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an
outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens. 2008;10(5):348–354.
45. Sakthong P, Chabunthom R, Charoenvisuthiwongs R. Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the 8-item
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(5):950–957.
46. Saputri GZ, Akrom A, Darmawan E. Improving Outpatient’s Quality of Life Through Patient Adherence of
Antihypertensive Therapy Using ―Mobile Phone (SMS) and Brief Counseling-5A‖ in Polyclinic of Internal
Medicine at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital, Yogyakarta. Indones J Clin Pharm. 2017;6(2):67–77.
47. Puciato D, Rozpara M, Borysiuk Z. Physical Activity as a Determinant of Quality of Life in Working-Age
People in Wroclaw, Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(4):623.
48. Arne M, Janson C, Janson S, Boman G, Lindqvist U, Berne C, et al. Physical activity and quality of life in
subjects with chronic disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and
diabetes mellitus. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2009;27(3):141–7.
49. Coventry P, Lovell K, Dickens C, Bower P, Chew-Graham C, McElvenny D, et al. Integrated primary care for
patients with mental and physical multimorbidity: cluster randomised controlled trial of collaborative care for
patients with depression comorbid with diabetes or cardiovascular disease. bmj. 2015;350:h638.
50. Corea G. Need for change: Towards the new international economic order. Elsevier; 2014.
51. Wen CP, Wai JPM, Tsai MK, Yang YC, Cheng TYD, Lee M-C, et al. Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2011;378(9798):1244–1253.
52. Dede ND, Ipekci S, Kebapcilar L, Arslan M, Kurban S, Yildiz M, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise training on serum malondialdehyde level and quality of life in type 2 diabetes. In: 20th European Congress of Endocrinology. Bioscientific a; 2018.
53. Sofi F, Valecchi D, Bacci D, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A, et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Intern Med. 2011;269(1):107–117.
54. Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, Dunbar SA, Franz MJ, Mayer-Davis EJ, et al. Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Supplement 1):S120–S143.
55. Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hinderliter A, Watkins LL, Craighead L, Lin P-H, et al. Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(2):126–135.
56. Schutta MH. Diabetes and hypertension: epidemiology of the relationship and pathophysiology of factors associated with these comorbid conditions. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007;2(2):124–130.
57. Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1731–1737.
58. Aycicek A, Ipek A. Maternal active or passive smoking causes oxidative stress in cord blood. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167(1):81–85.
59. Anhê FF, Roy D, Pilon G, Dudonné S, Matamoros S, Varin TV, et al. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice. Gut. 2015;64(6):872–883.
60. Ware Jr JE. SF-36 health survey update. Spine. 2000;25(24):3130–3139.
61. Inzucchi SE. Diagnosis of Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 9;367(6):542–50.
62. Association AD. Introduction: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan 1;41(Supplement 1):S1–2.
63. Yang C-W, Park JT, Kim YS, Kim YL, Lee Y-S, Oh Y-S, et al. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in primary care type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: data from the Korean Epidemiology Study on Hypertension III (KEY III study). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(10):3249–3255.
64. Notoatmodjo S. Health promotion and behavioral science. Jkt Rineka Cipta. 2007;20.
65. Notoatmodjo S. Health Promotion Theory and Its Applications. Jkt Rineka Cipta. 2010;20:26.
66. Joseph D. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008.
67. van Dulmen S, Sluijs E, van Dijk L, de Ridder D, Heerdink R, Bensing J. Patient adherence to medical treatment: a review of reviews. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7(1):55.
68. Hastuti J. Anthropometry and body composition of Indonesian adults: an evaluation of body image, eating behaviours, and physical activity [PhD Thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.