Depression and Associated Factors among Undergraduate Students of Private Universities in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/swxcxr02Keywords:
Depression, chi-square test, stratified sampling, undergraduate studentsAbstract
Depression among the undergraduate students is a psychological well-being issue in the universities around the world. In Bangladesh, just one cross-sectional clear investigation was led by Sultana (2011) to address this issue which was constrained inside the medicine students. The objective of the present investigation is to recognize the elements responsible for depression among the undergraduate students in private universities in Bangladesh. For this purpose, a cross-sectional investigation based on 403 undergraduate students of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT) has been led from September 2019 to November 2019 employing stratified examining strategy, where every one of the class-areas has been considered as a stratum. The results of the study show that just over one-third of the students (33.7%) are depressed. Factors like skin complexion, chronic disease status, economic insolvency, ability to fulfill desire, relationship status with family members other than parents, unexpected Higher Secondary result, comfort ability within the university premise, satisfaction with the university program, ability to adjust with the continuously changing socio-cultural trends and survival status of parents have been found to have significant association with depression of the students. Besides, sociological factors like social status, social insecurity and social injustice have shown significant association with depression of the students. The findings of this study will lead future research works regarding the issue of depression among the students at various public as well as private universities in Bangladesh as there has hardly any relevant work been done so far.
Downloads
References
1. Alsubaie, M. M., Stain, H. J., Webster, L. A. D., &Wadman, R. (2019). The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 1-13.
2. Mamun, M. A., Rafi, M. A., Al Mamun, A. S., Hasan, M. Z., Akter, K., Hsan, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Prevalence and Psychiatric Risk Factors of Excessive Internet Use among Northern Bangladeshi Job-Seeking Graduate Students: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-11.
3. Pham, T., Bui, L., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, B., Tran, P., Vu, P., & Dang, L. (2019). The prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among medical students: An untold story in Vietnam. PloS one, 14(8), e0221432.
4. Hakami, R. M. (2018). Prevalence of psychological distress among undergraduate students at Jazan University: A cross-sectional study. Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences, 6(2), 82-88.
5. Islam, M. A., Low, W. Y., Tong, W. T., Yuen, C. W., & Abdullah, A. (2018). Factors associated with
depression among University Students in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. KnE Life Sciences, 415-427.
6. January, J., Madhombiro, M., Chipamaunga, S., Ray, S., Chingono, A., & Abas, M. (2018). Prevalence of
depression and anxiety among undergraduate university students in low-and middle-income countries: a
systematic review protocol. Systematic reviews, 7(1), 57.
7. Ngin, C., Pal, K., Tuot, S., Chhoun, P., Yi, R., & Yi, S. (2018). Social and behavioural factors associated with
depressive symptoms among university students in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 8(9),
e019918. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019918.
8. Reddy, K. J., Menon, K. R., &Thattil, A. (2018). Academic stress and its sources among University
students. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 11(1), 531-537.
9. Ribeiro, I. J., Pereira, R., Freire, I. V., de Oliveira, B. G., Casotti, C. A., &Boery, E. N. (2018). Stress and
quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Professions Education, 4(2),
70-77.
10. Shant, R. E. R., &Rayhan, I. (2018). Depression level of undergrad students: BDI scale. BiomBiostat Int
J,
7(4), 360-362.
11. Argyropoulos, K., Giourou, E., Dimopoulou, M., Argyropoulou, A., Gourzis, P., &Jelastopulu, E. (2017).
Anxiety and depression among Greek undergraduate students in the University of Patras.Global Journal of
Medicine and Public Health, 6(5).
12. Boumosleh, J. M., &Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university studentsA cross sectional study. PloS one, 12(8), e0182239.
13. Dawood, E., Mitsu, R., Al Ghadeer, H., &Alrabodh, F. (2017). Assessment of Depression and Its Contributing
Factors among Undergraduate Nursing Students. International Journal of Nursing, 4(2), 69-79.
14. McLafferty, M., Lapsley, C. R., Ennis, E., Armour, C., Murphy, S., Bunting, B. P., ... & O'Neill, S. M. (2017).
Mental health, behavioural problems and treatment seeking among students commencing university in
Northern Ireland. PloS one, 12(12), e0188785.
15. Ngasa, S. N., Sama, C. B., Dzekem, B. S., Nforchu, K. N., Tindong, M., Aroke, D., &Dimala, C. A. (2017).
Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Cameroon: a cross-sectional
study. BMC psychiatry, 17(1), 216.
16. Suleiman, A. K., Ismadi, N. F. I., Choudhry, F. R., Munawar, K., & Hameed, M. A. (2017). Determinant
factors of depression: a survey among university students. Malaysian Journal of Public Health
Medicine, 17(3), 97-103.
17. Zafar, M., Rizvi, S. B., Sheikh, L., Khalid, Z., Abbas, T. G., Waseem, S., ... & Khalid, U. (2017). Comparative
analysis of depression and its associated risk factors among public and private medical schools’ students in
Karachi, Pakistan: A multicenter study. Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 6(1), 1.
18. Birhanu, A., &Hassein, K. (2016). Prevalence and Factors Associated to Depression Among Ambo University
Students, Ambo, West Ethiopia. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing, 25, 26-34.
19. Cheung, T., Wong, S., Wong, K., Law, L., Ng, K., Tong, M., ... & Yip, P. (2016). Depression, anxiety and
symptoms of stress among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. International
journal of environmental research and public health, 13(8), 779.
20. Hoque, R. (2015). Major Mental Health Problems of Undergraduate Students in a Private University of Dhaka,
Bangladesh. European Psychiatry, 30, 1880.
21. Teh, C. K., Ngo, C. W., bintiZulkifli, R. A., Vellasamy, R., & Suresh, K. (2015). Depression, anxiety and
stress among undergraduate students: A cross sectional study. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 5(04), 260.
22. Aldiabat, K. M., Matani, N. A., & Le Navenec, C. L. (2014). Mental health among undergraduate university students: a background paper for administrators, educators and healthcare providers. Universal Journal of Public Health, 2(8), 209-214.
23. Ghaedi, L., &MohdKosnin, A. (2014). Prevalence of depression among undergraduate students: gender and age differences. International Journal of Psychological Research, 7(2), 38.
24. Ghayas, S., Shamim, S., Anjum, F., & Hussain, M. (2014). Prevalence and severity of depression among undergraduate students in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(10), 1733-1738.
25. Radeef, A. S., Faisal, G. G., Ali, S. M., & Ismail, M. K. H. M. (2014). Source of stressors and emotional disturbances among undergraduate science students in Malaysia. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 3(2), 401-410.
26. Chen, L., Wang, L., Qiu, X. H., Yang, X. X., Qiao, Z. X., Yang, Y. J., & Liang, Y. (2013). Depression among Chinese university students: prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. PloS one, 8(3), e58379.
27. Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., &Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of
depression prevalence in university students. Journal of psychiatric research, 47(3), 391-400.
28. Lee, R. B., Maria, M. S., Estanislao, S., & Rodriguez, C. (2013). Factors associated with higher levels of
depressive symptoms among international university students in the Philippines. Southeast Asian J Trop Med
Public Health, 44(6), 1098-107.
29. Saleem, S., Mahmood, Z., &Naz, M. (2013). Mental Health Problems in University Students: A Prevalence
Study. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2).
30. Sarokhani, D., Delpisheh, A., Veisani, Y., Sarokhani, M. T., Manesh, R. E., &Sayehmiri, K. (2013).
Prevalence of depression among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Depression
research and treatment, 2013.
31. Mazumdar, H., Gogoi, D., Buragohain, L., &Haloi, N. (2012). A comparative study on stress and its contributing factors among the graduate and post-graduate students. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(1), 399-406.
32. Quince, T. A., Wood, D. F., Parker, R. A., & Benson, J. (2012). Prevalence and persistence of depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMJ open, 2(4), e001519.
33. Sultana, N. (2011). Stress and depression among undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education, 2(1), 6-9.
34. Official website of Check Market, Belgium. Available at: https://www.checkmarket.com/ sample-size calculator/ (accessed on 29 September 2019).
35. Keith, V. M., Lincoln, K. D., Taylor, R. J., & Jackson, J. S. (2010). Discriminatory experiences and depressive symptoms among African American women: Do skin tone and mastery matter?. Sex roles, 62(1-2), 48-59.
36. Demoze, M. B., Angaw, D. A., &Mulat, H. (2018). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Orphan Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Psychiatry journal, 2018.
37. Barton, Y. A., Miller, L., Wickramaratne, P., Gameroff, M. J., & Weissman, M. M. (2013). Religious attendance and social adjustment as protective against depression: A 10-year prospective study. Journal of affective disorders, 146(1), 53-57.
38. Hoebel, J., Maske, U. E., Zeeb, H., & Lampert, T. (2017). Social inequalities and depressive symptoms in adults: the role of objective and subjective socioeconomic status. PloS one, 12(1), e0169764.
39. Sheppard, M. (2002). Mental health and social justice: Gender, race and psychological consequences of unfairness. British Journal of Social Work, 32(6), 779-797.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
