Challanges Encountred By Visually Impaired Children And Their Teachers In Inclusive Primary Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/ccgzrm28Keywords:
-Visually impaired,, -inclusive education and primary schoolAbstract
This study explores the multiple challenges encountered by visually impaired children (VIC) and their teachers in inclusive schools which have been a stumbling block on children who are in pursuit of knowledge and on teachers who facilitate learning. Further, the main focus of the paper is on some recommendations for the stakeholders to overcome these challenges. The study employs the descriptive survey method by involving the quantitative approach, though some aspects are dealt with qualitatively. A total of 90 participants were involved in the study. They were selected through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. Findings reveal overcrowded classes and shortage of assistive devices and trained teachers as major challenges faced; while lack of training, unavailability of teaching- learning materials, inappropriate methods and allocation of insufficient time for teaching/learning activities as other challenges. The study recommends provision of barrier free learning environment, adequate disabled-specific teaching-learning materials and assistive devices to VIC; appropriate monitoring and supervision mechanism to ensure the status of the resources and classroom practices; and the urgent need to introduce a core course on the philosophy and pedagogy of inclusive education to the teacher-trainees.
Downloads
References
[1] Ainscow, M. (1999). Understanding the Development of Inclusive Schools: Studies in Inclusive Education. London: Falmer Press.
[2] Andrews, J. & Lupart, J. (1993). Inclusive Classroom: Educating Exceptional Children, Scarborough: Nelson Canada.
[3] Bangula, A.R. (2005). Factors Influencing Academic Performance of Students with Visual Impairment in Primary Schools in India. Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University of Dar-es-Salaam.
[4] Bray, M., Brown, A. & Green, D. J. (2004). Technology and the Diverse Learner: A Guide to Classroom Practice, Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press.
[5] Danda, F.E. (2009). The Role of Local Government in Enhancing Access to Primary Education for Children with Disabilities in Ruangwa District India.Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University of Dar-es-Salaam,
[6] Daniel, H. & Garner, P. (1999). Supporting Inclusion in Education Systems.UK: Kogan Page Limited.
[7] Duncan, G. (2001). An Up-date on Special Needs Education in Jamaica. Information Paper. Kingston: JAPMR.
[8] Eklindh, K. (2000). The Flagship on Education for All and the Right to education for Persons with Disabilities: Towards Inclusion, UNESCO.
[9] ICCDE Dodoma (2007). MFP for People With Disabilities Progress Report. Dodoma.
[10] JOSEPH, SMITA ELIZABETH, and MJ SAJI. "EFFECTIVENESS OF KINESIOTAPING AS AN THERAPY TO IMPROVE DYSGRAPHIA IN CHILDREN WITH HEMIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY."
[11] Kilulu, M.N.A. (2010). Challenges Facing Teachers and Pupils in Inclusive Primary schools in India.
Unpublished Dissertation. University of Dar-es-Salaam
[12] Kisanji, J.A.N. (1979). Linguistic Proficiency Among Hearing Impaired Primary school Children. Unpublished Dissertation. Dar-es-Salaam: University of Dar-es-Salaam.
[13] Kulkarni, Shraddha. "Inclusion of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices as a Part of Curriculum@ Indira School of Business Studies, India and its Impact Over the Awareness & Sense of Responsibility of Students towards Community." International Journal of Business and General Management (IJBGM) 6.3 (2017): 1-18.
[14] Lyons, G. (2005). Resources to Support Inclusion, in P.Foreman (Ed.). Action in Inclusion (pp.445-490). Southbank Victoria: Thomson.
[15] Mmbaga, D. R (1999). Equality and Full Participation for the Disabled: A Historical Development of Education Policies in India, 1967-1987. Stockholm: Institute of International Education, Stockholm University.
[16] Mmbaga, D. R (2003). “The Inclusive Education in India and Global Discourse”, Papers in Education and Development, No.23:1-23. Dar-es-Salaam: University of Dar-es-Salaam
[17] Mmbaga, R. D. (2002). The Inclusive Education in India: Dream or Reality? Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Stockholm: Institute of International Education, Stockholm University
[18] Mukhopadhyay, S., Molosiwa, S.M. & Moswela, E. (2009).Teacher Trainees’ Level of Preparedness for Inclusive Education in Botswana Schools: Need for change. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, Vol. 2 (2), 51-58. [http://www.ijsre.com]. Site visited on 20/04/ 2012.
[19] Mutzabaugh, G. J. (1995). NILD Program: Underlying Philosophy/History. Norfolk.Va: National Institute for Learning Disabilities.
[20] MURAYAMA, TAKU. "LITERACY AND CURRICULUM IN THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY."
[21] Open University of India (2007). Journal of Issues and Practice in Education Volume 2 No.1 June, 2007. Dar-es-Salaam: Open University of India.
[22] Pembe, F. (2008). Teaching and Learning Practices for Pupils with Disabilities in Inclusive Primary Schools in India. Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University of Dar-es-Salaam.
[23] Performance in Primary Schools in India. Unpublished M.A (Education) Dissertation, University of Dar- es-Salaam.
[24] Possi, M. K. (1986). The Effects of Integration on Blind Pupils’ Academic and Social
[25] Possi, M.K (2006). “From Special to Inclusive Education for Children in Special Needs in India: Old Wine in New Bottle?” Journal of Issues and Practice in Education, 1(2) pp 47-63
[26] RAJESHWARI, SHEELA, and SUBHASH CHANDER. "Student teacher’s perception and preparedness towards inclusive Education of learners with intellectual disability." International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences 2.3 (2014): 1 6 (2014).
[27] Rajiah, Saraswatee, and Salim Aliraja. "Early Identification and Intervention in Early Years: Preschool Teachers in Mauritius." International Journal of Educational Science and Research (IJESR) 6.3 (2016).
[28] Salim, A, S. (2006). Inclusive Education: A Means of Achieving Education for All in Odisha: Odisha Association of the Disabled: Inside Voices-Stories of CBR Workers ACAN Publication: Pg 37-38.
[29] Singal, N. (2008). Working Towards Inclusion: Reflections from the Classroom Teaching and Teacher Education, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1516-1529.
[30] SINGH, NARINDER. "EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES AND DISCRIMINATION EXPERIENCED BY DYSLEXIC CHILDREN."
[31] Smith,T., Polloway,E., Patton, J. & Dowdy, C. (2005). Teaching Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Settings (4th Ed). Boston: Pearson Education.
[32] UN (1948). Declaration on Human Rights. New York: United Nations.
[33] UNESCO (1997). International Standard Classification of Education. Paris:UNESCO
[34] UNESCO (2000). Inclusion in Education: The participation of disabled learners; Education for All. Paris: France.
[35] URT (2004). Special Needs Education Unit Report. Dar-es-Salaam: Ministry of Education and Culture
[36] WHO (2007). Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness: Action Plan 2006– 2011. Geneva.
[37] Yosiah, M.H. (2005). Factors Inhibiting Enrolment of Children with Disabilities in India Primary Schools: A Case Study of Tabora Urban Municipality. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.