Features of the Propagation of the Ascospores of the Sunflower Phomopsis Blight Pathogen in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere in the Conditions of the South of Russia

Valentina M. Androsova; Аnton О. Didenko; Aleksandr T. Podvarko; Leonid P. Esipenko

doi:10.61841/knwcsk49

Authors

Valentina M. Androsova All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection Author
Аnton О. Didenko All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection Author
Aleksandr T. Podvarko All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection Author
Leonid P. Esipenko All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61841/knwcsk49

Keywords:

Ascospores, Perithecia, Pycnidia, Propagation, Mulch, Phomopsis

Abstract

The present article focuses on the features of the propagation of ascospores of the sunflower phomopsis pathogen in the surface layer of the atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions, taking into account the development of the fungus in pure culture and on sunflower mulch in southern Russia. The maximum average growth of the mycelium of the fungal isolates transferred to the pure culture from the diseased sunflower stems harvested in different regions of southern Russia was observed at temperatures of 25 and 30°C, between which no statistically significant differences were found. The minimum mycelium growth was detected at a temperature of 32°C; its average value was statistically significantly different from the two previous temperatures. However, both at 30°C and at 32°C, pycnidia did not form, and, therefore, perithecia could not form either. Ascospores, propagating from an artificially created focus of infection, were detected in sunflower crops with the help of special spore traps. It was established that the propagation of ascospores of the sunflower phomopsis pathogen in the surface layer of the atmosphere depended on the degree of infection development on the plant mulch as well as on hydrothermal environmental factors. The propagation started 1-3 days after even minimal precipitation (0.05 mm or less) in a wide range of average daily relative humidity (38-80% or more), at an average daily temperature (13-30°C) and hydrothermal coefficient of more than or equal to or less than 1. The largest number of days with the presence of ascospores in the surface layer of the atmosphere was at the highest relative humidity (66-80 % and more). Prolonged atmospheric and soil droughts that had a particularly dangerous duration (the drought lasted 45 days), accompanied by elevated daily average temperatures (30°C or more) during the growing season of sunflowers, followed by severe, snowless winter periods, led to the death and cessation of pycnidia formation. However, these phenomena initiated a significant increase in the number of ascospores in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Abnormally high average daily temperatures (30 °C or more) and relative air humidity from 38 to 50% during the growing season of sunflowers led to a significant decrease in the propagation of infection.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Muntanola-Cvetkovic M., Mihaljcevic M., Petrov M. On the identity of the causative agent of a serious

Phomopsis – Diaporthe Disease in Sunflower Plants / M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Mihaljcevic, M. Petrov

// Nova Hedwigia. – 1981. – № 34. – P. 417– 435.

[2] Maric, A. Prilog proucavanju Phomopsis spp. (Diaporthe sp.) prouzrokovaca sive pegavosti stabla

suncokreta / A. Maric, S. Masirevic, S. Li // Zastita Bilja. – 1982. – № 33. – P. 403-419.

[3] Acimovic, M. Phomopsis sp. - An nоvi parazit suncokreta / M. Acimovic, N. Straser // Zastita Bilja. –

1982. – Vol. 32 (2). – P. 117-158.

[4] Skoric, D. Sunflower breeding for resistance to Diaporthe helianthi / D. Skoric // Helia. – 1985. – № 8. – P.

21-24.

[5] Skripka, O.V. Phomopsis - a dangerous disease of sunflower / O.V. Skripka. - Moscow: Agropromizdat,

1989.-- 4 p.

[6] Bistrichanov, S. Impact of some agrotechnical factors on the diseases' spreading on sunflower in the North

Western Bulgaria / S. Bistrichanov, V. Alexandrov, I. Hristov // Pochvoznanie, Agrokhimiya i Ekologiya. –

2000. – № 35(5). – P. 37-40.

[7] Encheva, V 2002. Variation in the aggressiveness of isolates from Phomopsis/Diaporthe helianthi Munt.-

Cvet. et al. on sunflower / V. Encheva // Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. – № 8(4). – P.349-352.

[8] Jurkovic, D. Incidence of the most important sunflower diseases in eastern Croatia / D. Jurkovic, M. Culek,

// Fragmenta Phytomedica et Herbologica. – 1998. – № 26. – P. 67-75.

[9] Palfi, K. Mire figyeljünk júliusban ? / K. Palfi, A. Pakozdi // Novenyvedelem. – 1999. – Vol. 35. – № 7. –

P. 339-341.

[10] Gulya, T.J. Sunflower diseases remain rare in California seed production fields compared to North Dakota.

Plant Health Progress [Electronic resource] / T.J. Gulya, S. Rooney-Latham, J.S. Miller, K. Kosta, C.

Murphy-Vierra, C. Larson, W. Vaccaro, H. Kandel, J.F. Nowatzki. – 2012. –:

http://https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/2012/ sunflower /. – published 14

December 2012 (дата доступа 20.06.19).

[11] Meyer, M.D. First report of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower in Illinoi s caused by Phomopsis helianthi

/ M.D. Meyer, G.R. Zhang, D.K. Pedersen, C.A. Bradley // Plant Disease. – 2009. – № 93 (7). – P. 760.

[12] EPPO. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

[Electronic resource]. – 2001.: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DIAPHE/. – published 21 February 2012 (дата

доступа 20.06.19).

[13] Skripka, O.V. Phomopsis of sunflower / O.V. Skripka, V.I. Shelukhin, V.V. Petina, T.P. Serebryakova //

Protection and quarantine of plants. - 1993. - No. 8. – P.p. 24-25.

[14] Ismailov V.Ya., Piven V.T., Shulyak I.I., Didenko A.O., Podvarko A.T. Phomopsis on sunflower crops in

the Krasnodar Territory / V.Ya. Ismailov, V.T. Piven, I.I. Shulyak, A.O. Didenko, A.T. Podvarko //

Oilseeds. - 2014. - issue. 1 (No. 157–158). – P.p. 130-134.

[15] Thompson E.M., Tan Y.P., Young A.J., Neate S.M., Aitken E.A.B., Shivas R.G. Stem cancers on

sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Australia reveal a complex of Pathogenic Diaporthe (Phomopsis) species

/ E.M. Thompson, Y.P. Tan, A.J. Young, S.M. Neate, E.A.B. Aitken, R.G. Shivas // Persoonia. – 2011. –

№ 27. – Р. 80-89.

[16] Gulya T.J., Hulke B., Seiler G.J., Markell S., Kandel H. Changas in disease incidence over the last decade

in the US and around the world, and research to address these new challenges / T.J. Gulya, B. Hulke, G.J.

Seiler, S. Markell, H. Kandel // Abstracts 18th Int. Sunflower Conf. – ISA. Mar Del Plata & Balcarce –

Argentina. – 2012. – P. 37.

[17] Fayret J., Assemat P. Evolution du Diaporthe helianthi (Phomopsis helianthi) Munt.-Cvet. et al in

differenciation des organe reprodacteurs sur les peants de tournesol aples la period de vegetation / J. Fayret,

P. Assemat // Inf. techn. CETIOM. – 1987. – № 98. – Р. 2-11.

[18] Mihaljcevic M., Muntanola-Cvetkovic M., Vucojevic J., Petrov M. Sourse of infection of sunflower plants

by Diaporthe helianthi in Yugoslavia / M. Mihaljcevic, M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic, J. Vucojevic, M. Petrov

// Phytopathology. – 1985. – Vol. 113. – № 4. – Р. 334 – 342.

[19] Mihaljcevic M., Muntanola-Cvetkovic M. Responses of sunflower plants to different Phomopsis isolates. 2.

From weeds. / M. Mihaljcevic, M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic // Proc. II The International Sunflower

Conference. – Argentina, 1985. – P. 419-424.

[20] Acimovic M., Straser, M., Drazik N. Mogucnosti suzbijanja Phomopsis sp. ostalih prouzrokovaca bolesti

suncokreta / M. Acimovic, M. Straser,, N. Drazik // Zastita Bilja. – 1982. – Vol. 33. – № 3. – Р. 293 – 299.

[21] Piven V.T., Shulyak I.I., Alifirova T.P., Samelik E.G. Phomopsis on sunflower / V.T. Piven, I.I. Shulyak,

T.P. Alifirova, E.G. Samelik // Collection of scientific papers ―Diseases and pests of oilseeds‖ / Ed. ed.

V.T. Piven. - Krasnodar, 2006.—P.p. 90 - 92.

[22] Androsova V.M. Peculiarities of Ascospore Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi drought summer / V.M.

Androsova // Materials of reports of the international scientific-practical conference "Biological plant

protection, prospects and role in phytosanitary rehabilitation of agrocenoses and obtaining environmentally

friendly agricultural products." - Krasnodar, 2008.—P.p. 565 - 569.

[23] Battilani P., Rossi V., Girometta B., Delos M., Rouzet J., André N., Esposito S. Estimating the potential

development of Diaporthe helianthi epidemics in Italy / P. Battilani, V. Rossi, B. Girometta, M. Delos, J.

Rouzet, N. André, S. Esposito // EPPO Bulletin. – 2003. – Vol. 33. – № 3. – Р. 427 – 431.

[24] Valentina Androsova, Irina Balachnina, Thomas Gulya. Structural aspects regarding formation and

emission of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi ascospores / V. Androsova, I. Balachnina, T. Gulya //

proceedings of the 17th International Sunflower Conference. – Cordoba, Spain, 2008. – Vol. 1, P. 103 –

107.

[25] Androsova V.M., Didenko A.O. Methodical manual on new aspects of diagnostics of the pathogen of

sunflower phomopsis / V.M. Androsova, A.O. Didenko - Krasnodar, 2011, 18 p.

[26] Sokolov Yu.G., Evsyukov N.A., Sadkovsky V.T. Recommendations on the use of infection control and

environmental parameters in protecting plants from diseases / Yu.G. Sokolov, N.A. Evsyukov, V.T.

Sadkovsky. - Moscow: Russian Agricultural Academy, 1994, 33 p.

[27] Selyaninov G.T. World agroclimatic reference book / G.T. Selyaninov. - Leningrad - Moscow:

Gidrometeoizdat - 1937, 428 p.

[28] Vukojevic, J. Source of infection of sunflower plants by Diaporthe helianthi in Yugoslavia / J. Vukojevic,

M. Petrov // Phytopathol. Z. - 1985. - № 4, P. 334-342.

[29] Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Species of Diaporthe and Phomopsisrecorded in Yugoslavia / M. Muntanola –

Cvetkovic, M. Mihaljcevic, M. Petrov // Savremena polipriverda. – 1981a. – Vol. 29 (7- 8), P. 293-306.

[30] Assemat, P. Biological culturale ef differeenciation des peritheces in vitro cher Diaporthe (Phomopsis)

helianthi Munt.-Cvet. / P. Assemat, J. Fayret // Abstract book «Proc. 12th International Sunflower

Conference»/ - Yugoslavia, 1988. – vol. 2, P.84-89.

[31] Araslanova, N.M. The growth rate in the culture of phomopsis isolates at different temperatures and the

toxicity of their culture filtrates for sunflower seedlings / N.M. Araslanova, T.A. Chelyustnikova, T.S.

Antonova // Oilseeds: Scientific-technical. bull. VNIIMK. - 2013. - Issue. 1 (153-154). – P.p. 60–66.

[32] Skripka, O.V. Biological features of the causative agent of brown-gray spotting of sunflower stems / O.V.

Skripka // Mycology and phytopathology. - 1996. –Vol.3. - Vol. 1. – P.p. 56-60.

[33] Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Comparisons of Phomopsis isolates obtained from sunflower plant and debris in

Yugoslavia / M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Mihaljcevic, J. Vucojevic, M. Petrov // Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. –

1985 – № 85. – P.p. 477-483.

[34] Bogdanova, V.N. In time to detect phomopsis / V.N. Bogdanova, L.V. Karadzhova, M.E. Steinberg //

Agriculture of Moldova. - 1986. - No. 12. – P.p. 24-25.

[35] Bondarenko, A.I. Phomopsis - a dangerous disease of sunflower / A.I. Bondarenko, M.E. Steinberg, V.N.

Bogdanova, L.V. Karadzhova // Mycology and phytopathology. - Vol. 22. - No. 4. - 1988. – P.p. 346-348.

[36] Viguie, A. Interactions between French isolates of Phomopsis / Diaporthe helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and

sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes / A.Viguie, F.Vear, D.Tourvieille de Labrouhe // European

Journal of Plant Pathology. – 1999. – Vol. 105. – P. 693–702.

[37] Gulya, T.J. Evaluating sunflower germplasm for resistance to Phomopsis stem canker / T.J Gulya // Proc. 20th Sunflower Res. Workshop, Fargo. – USA, 1998. – P. 92–94.

[38] Antonova, T.S. The toxicity of the culture filtrate and the aggressiveness of geographically distant isolates

of Phomopsis (Diaporthe) helianthi Munt.-Cvetk., Michal., Petr. for sunflower / T.S. Antonova, N.M.

Araslanova, T.A. Chelyustnikova // Oilseeds: Scientific-technical. bull. VNIIMK. - 2006. - Vol. 2 (135). –

P.p. 67–72.

[39] Firaz Alam, M. Evaluation of the source and breeding material of sunflower for the defeat of Phomopsis for

breeding purposes: author. dis.... cand. S.-kh. Sciences: 06.01.05 // Firaz Alam M.; - Krasnodar, 1995.-- 22

p.

[40] Petrov, M. New findings on the disease of sunflower plants caused by Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et

al. (Diaporthe helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al.) / M. Petrov, M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Mihaljcevic //

Archives des Sciences biologiques. – 1981. – № 33 (14). – P. 13-19.

[41] Booth, C. Fungal culture media / C. Booth // Methods in microbiology. – 1971 – № 4. – P. 49-94.

[42] Assemat, P. Differenciation des peretheces de Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. Et al., parasite

du tournesol, en cultures in vitro, incidence des facteurs de Ienvironment / P. Assemat, J. Fayret // Paris: C.

R. Acad. Sei. – 1987. –V. 308. – P. 221-224.

[43] Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. The results obtained until now in investigations of Phomopsis (Diaporthe)

helianthi on sunflower. 1. Mycological aspects / M. Muntanola-Cvetkovic, M. Mihaljcevic, J. Vucojevic //

Plant protection. – 1988. – № 39 (4). – P. 469-478.

[44] Vukojevic, J. Multidisciplinama studija kompliksa Diaporthe arctii (Lash) Nit u Jugoslaviji (Dissertation).

Belgrade, Yugoslavia University of Belgrad faculty of Biology / J. Vukojevic. – Jugoslaviji, 1989. –191 p.

[45] Vukojevic, J. The comparativ investigation of Phomopsis helianthi isolates from different European

localities / J. Vukojevic, F. Dubravka, M. Mihajlovic // Plant Pathology. – 1995. – № 10. – P. 173-738.

[46] Siches, B. Phomopsis du tournesol: mise au point d ׳une methode de lutte chimicue dans l ׳Aude. / B.

Siches, G. Fretay, P. Bernard, J. Tamas // Phytoma. – 1989. – № 38. – P. 28-34.

[47] Peres, A. Diaporthe helianthi Munt.Cvet. et al.: Elements de biologie et d’épidémiologie appliqués aux

essais de lute / A. Peres, Y. Regnault // Proc. 12th Int. Sunflower Conf. – ISA: Novi-Sad (Yugoslavia),

1988. – Vol. 2. – P. 90–95.

[48] Assemat, P. Biological culturale ef differeenciation des peritheces in vitro cher Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. / P. Assemat, J. Fayret // Abstract book «Proc. 12th International Sunflower Conference». – Yugoslavia, 1988. – Vol. 2. – P. 84-89.

[49] Herr, L.J. Diaporthe stem canker of sunflower / L.J. Herr, P.E. Lipps, B.H. Walters // Plant Disease. –1983. – № 67. – P. 911-913.

[50] Yang, S. A new sunflower disease in Texas caused by Diaporthe helianthi / S. Yang, R.W. Berry, E.S. Luttrell, T. Vongkaysone // Plant Disease. – 1984. – № 68. – P. 254-255.

[51] Skripka, O.V. The results of the examination for the detection of sunflower phomopsis / O.V. Skripka, L.I. Shcherbakov et al. // Problems of plant quarantine in Russia. - 1991.– No. 1. – P.p. 103-109.

[52] Tourvieille, D. Jugement de la resistance du tournesol au phomopsis saus tunnelen lilet avec humectation controlee / D. Tourvieille, C. Pelletier // Centre Techn. Interprof. Oleagineux Metrop. Paris. – 1988. – №103. – P. 28-29.

[53] Yakutkin, V.I. Methods for identifying and accounting for sunflower phomopsis / V.I. Yakutkin //Collection of guidelines for plant protection. - St. Petersburg, 1998.—P.p. 191-207.