Antibiotic Therapy for Early Ages and Asthma Development in School Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/z9xss767Keywords:
Antibiotics, Asthma, Children, Immune System, Intestinal MicrobiomeAbstract
The objective of the research was to determine the association between the use of antibiotics in early ages and the development of asthma at school age. This study is a retrospective observational descriptive approach with a quantitative case-control approach. Medical records of patients from the pediatric area of a Guayaquil hospital were reviewed. The total sample was 366 children. The cases (n = 183) were chosen from the hospital database of children between 5 and 12 years old who have been diagnosed with asthma. Controls were matched in equal numbers and proportions. 43% of the cases used antibiotic therapy before 5 years, with amoxicillin being the most beta-lactamase inhibitor and the most widely used antibiotic (28.8%). The most frequent comorbidity was acute upper respiratory infection (38%). Among the controls, the most used antibiotic corresponded to amoxicillin (34.8%), while the most frequent infection was the same as for the cases (50.0%). An analysis was performed to determine if the difference in distribution concerning the use of antibiotics is significant between cases and controls, and it was determined that there is a much higher percentage of antibiotic use in cases than in controls (60.1% vs. 25.7%; p = 0.011). The analysis reflects an association between the use of antibiotics at an early age and the appearance of asthma at school age. Thus, the use of antibiotics in children under 5 years increases the risk 4.5 times of having asthma at school age.
Downloads
References
[1] Adhi, K.T., Utami, N.W.A., Astuti, P.A.S., & Putra, I.G.N.E. (2018). Validation of integrated health
services data on coverage of weighing programs of children under five. International Journal of Health
Sciences, 2(3), 65-71.
[2] Arini, N. M., Yadnyawati, I. A. G., & Paramartha, W. (2019). Swadharma grihastha asrama on educating
children toward Hindu families. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 10-17.
[3] Bäckhed, F., Roswall, J., Peng, Y., Feng, Q., Jia, H., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Wang, J. (2015). Dynamics
and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life. Cell host & microbe 17(5),
690-703.
[4] Biedermann, L. and Rogler, G. (2015). The intestinal microbiota: its role in health and disease. European
Journal of Pediatrics, 174(2), 151-167.
[5] Chai, G., Governale, L., McMahon, AW, Trinidad, JP, Staffa, J., and Murphy, D. (2012). Trends of
Outpatient prescription drug utilization in US children, 2002-2010. Pediatrics, 130(1).
[6] Ege, MJ, Mayer, M., Normand, AC, Genueit, J., Cookson, WO, Braun-Fahrländer, C., Gabriela Transregio
22 Study Group (2011). Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. The New
England Journal of Medicine, 364(8), 701 - 709.
[7] Frati, F., Salvatori, C., Incorvaia, C., Bellucci, A., Di Cara, G., Marcucci, F., and Esposito, S. (2018). The
Role of the Microbiome in Asthma: The Gut⁻Lung Axis. International Journal of molecular sciences,
20(1), 123-135.
[8] Giler, R.D.G., Zambrano, T.Y.M., Anzules, F.E.V., & Burgos, V.D.P.Z. (2019). Sensory playful corners on
stimulation of children from one to three years. International Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities, 3(2), 217-223.
[9] Hein, I. (2019). Childhood asthma may begin before birth. Medscape. Retrieved from
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913365
[10] Keohin, H. C., & Graw, N. J. (2017). Linguistic and cognitive ability of children before five years old on
their effort to communicate action. Linguistics and Culture Review, 1(1), 50-59.
[11] Kronman, MP, Zhou, C., and Mangione-Smith, R. (2014). Bacterial prevalence and antimicrobial
prescribing trends for acute respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics, 134(4), 956-965.
[12] Kuehn, BM (2014). CDC: Hospital antibiotic use promotes resistance; checklists can improve practices.
JAMA, 311(15), 1485-1486.
[13] Leyva, T.F., Mendoza, Y.R.M., Alcivar, B.M.P., & Caballero, A.M.A. (2018). Obesity: problem to
consider in public health. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(3), 1-10.
[14] Markolinda, Y., & Sawirman, -. (2018). High risk of HIV towards sexual transaction, use of drugs, and
lingual symbol of day-pay workers. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 68-77.
[15] Metzler, S., Frei, R., Schmaußer-Hechfellner, E., von Mutius, E., Pekkanes, J., Karvonen, AM, Pasture /
EFRAIM study group. Pediatric allergy and immunology: official publication of the European Society of
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 30(4), 423–433.
[16] Mitre, E., Susi, A., Kropp, LE, Schwartz, DJ, Gorman, GH, and Nylund, CM (2018). Association Between
Use of Acid-Suppressive Medications and Antibiotics During Infancy and Allergic Diseases in Early
Childhood. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(6):e180315.
[17] Ni, J., Friedman, H., Boyd, BC, McGurn, A., Babinski, P., Markossian, T., and Dugas, LR (2019). Early
antibiotic exposure and development of asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1),
225–233.
[18] Nogacka, AM, Salazar, N., Arboleya, S., Suárez, M., Fernández, N., Solis, G., Gueimonde, M. (2018).
Early microbiota, antibiotics, and health. Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS, 75(1), 83–91.
[19] Novayanti, N.P.Y., Mahalini, D.S., & Suwarba, I.G.N.M. (2018). Recurrence related factors of febrile
seizure. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 37-45.
[20] Nyandra, M., Kartiko, B.H., Susanto, P.C., Supriyati, A., Suryasa, W. (2018). Education and training
Improve quality of life and decrease depression score in the elderly population. Eurasian Journal of Analytical
Chemistry, 13(2), 371-377.
[21] Pascal, M., Perez-Gordo, M., Caballero, T., Escribese, MM, Lopez Longo, MN, Luengo, O., Mayorga, C.
(2018). Microbiome and Allergic Diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 1584.
[22] Praharsini, I., Suryawati, N., Indira, I. E., & Sanjiwani, S. P. (2018). High level of tumor necrosis alpha and
serum interferon gamma as risk factors for progression of vitiligo disease. International Journal of Health
Sciences, 2(2), 1-8.
[23] Rodriguez, D.L., Leyva, T.F., Mendoza, Y.R.M., & Mendoza, C.A. (2018). Analgesia and pain.
International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(3), 22-32.
[24] Rusmini, -, Dramawan, A., & Cembun, -. (2018). The influence of supportive psychotherapy on patients
anxiety to pre-hyperbaric therapy. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(3), 55-64.
[25] Sidiartha, I.G.L., & Pratiwi, I.G.A.P.E. (2018). Implementation of STRONGkids in identify risk of
malnutrition in a government hospital. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 18-24.
[26] Sumba, E.F.S., Sumba, A.V.S., Castillo, G.A.L., & Rodríguez, J.A.P. (2020). Impact of distributed
generation in the electrical system of Ecuador. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering,
4(1), 1-10.
[27] Suryasa, W., Mendoza, J.R.Z., Mera, J.T.M., Martinez, M.E.M., Gamez, M.R. (2020). Mobile devices on
teaching-learning process for the high school level. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 20(4),
331-340.
[28] Sutapa, G.N., Yuliara, I.M., & Ratini, N.N. (2018). Verification of dosage and radiation delivery time
breast cancer (Mammae Ca) with ISIS TPS. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 78-88.
[29] Tjiang, N., & Sidiartha, I.G.L. (2018). Lipid profile in obese children with and without insulin resistance.
International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 9-17.
[30] Wang, JY, Liu, LF, Chen, CY, Huang, YW, Hsiung, CA, and Tsai, HJ (2013). Acetaminophen and/or
antibiotic use in early life and the development of childhood allergic diseases. International journal of
epidemiology, 42(4), 1087–1099.
[31] Wiardani, N.K., Adiatmika, I., Paramita, D.P., & Tirtayasa, K. (2018). Adult women's perception towards
obesity and its intervention strategies in the community. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 46-
60.
[32] Wu, HJ y Wu, E. (2012). The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity. Gut
Microbes, 3(1), 4–14.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
