The effects of stress and self-esteem on life satisfaction of high school students: The moderated mediation model of growth mindset
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/as3xgb05Keywords:
Stress, Growth mindset, Self-esteem, Life satisfaction, High school student, Moderated mediation effect.Abstract
Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether growth mindset moderates the mediation effect, when self-esteem mediates between stress and life satisfaction for high school students.
Methods/Statistical analysis: In this study, SPSS win. 25.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS version 3.4 were used for frequency, reliability, correlation, and moderated mediation effect analysis.
Findings: First, it was noted that stress had significantly negative correlation with self-esteem and life satisfaction, but not with growth mindset. Second, as the result of moderated mediation effect analysis, the growth mindset had significant conditional indirect effects on the path to stress, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Thus, it is discovered that the mindset for growth moderated the path of relationships among stress, self-esteem and life satisfaction.
Improvements/Applications: This result suggested mitigation measures through growth mindset in situations where stress adversely affects quality of life for high school students in Korea.
Downloads
References
[1] Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin. 1984;95(3):542.
[2] Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, Smith HL. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin. 1999;125(2):276.
[3] Kim SO, Kim HO, Cha KH, Lim JY, Han YS. Exploration and development of the components of happy life of Korean adults. Korean Journal of Psychology: Health. 2003;8(2):415-442.
[4] Myers DG, Diener E. Who is happy?. Psychological Science. 1995 Jan;6(1):10-19.
[5] Hills P, Argyle M. Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality and individual differences. 2001 Dec;31(8):1357-1364.
[6] Surl JM, Lee MG, Shin HC. Psychological factors that affect the lasting happiness level of college students. Korean Psychological Association Conference. 2006;(1):642-643.
[7] Kessler RC, Price RH, Wortman CB. Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes. Annual Review of Psychology. 1985;36(1):531-572.
[8] Cho HJ. The Effects of Hope on Life Stress, Psychopathology and Life Satisfaction. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2010;29(3):839-852.
[9] Coopersmith S. The antecedents of self-esteem. Palo Alto;1967.
[10] Baumeister RF, Campbell JD, Krueger JI, Vohs KD. Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2003;4(1):1-44.
[11] Fox KR. Self-esteem, self-perceptions and exercise. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2000;31: 228-240.
[12] Campbell A. The Sense of Well-being in America: Recent Patterns and Trends. New York: McGraw- Hill;1981.
[13] Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University press;1965.
[14] Coopersmith S. The antecedents of self-esteem San Francisco: H Freeman and Company;1967.
[15] Jeon GY. Relationship between the type of sex role of the child and self-esteem [master’s thesis]. Daegu: Kyungpook National University;1984.
[16] Lopez SJ, Snyder CR. Positive psychological assessment. Washington: APA; 2003.
[17] Knight BG, Silverstein M, McCallum TJ, Fox LS. A sociocultural stress and coping model for mental health outcomes among African American caregivers in Southern California. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2000; 55(3):142-150.
[18] Dweck CS. Mindset: The new psychology of success. NewYork: RandomHouse; 2006.
[19] Molden DC, Dweck CS. Finding“ meaning” in psychology: a lay theories approach to self-regulation, social perception, and social development. American Psychologist. 2006;61(3): 192. DOI: 10.1037/0003- 066X.61.3.192
[20] Dweck CS, Leggett EL. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review. 1988 Oct;95(2):256.
[21] Blackwell LS, Trzesniewski KH, Dweck CS. Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child development. 2007 Jan;78(1): 246-263.
[22] Dweck CS, Chiu CY, Hong YY. lmplicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: A word from two perspectives. Psychological inquiry. 1995;6(4):267-285.
[23] Hong YY, Chiu CY, Dweck CS, Lin DMS, Wan W. Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: a meaning system approach. Journal of Personality and Social psychology. 1999 Mar;77(3):588.
[24] Robins RW, Pals JL. Implicit self-theories in the academic domain: Implications for goal orientation, attributions, affect, and self-esteem change. Self and Identity. 2002 Oct;1(4):313-336.
[25] Sriram B, Fuhry D, Demir E, Ferhatosmanoglu H, Demirbas M. Short text classification in twitter to improve information filtering. In Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval. ACM; 2010 July. pp. 841-842.
[26] Laursen EK. The power of grit, perseverance, and tenacity. Reclaiming Children and Youth. 2015 Winter;23(4): 19.
[27] Zeng G, Hou H, Peng K. (2016). Effect of growth mindset on school engagement and psychological well- being of Chinese primary and middle school students: The mediating role of resilience. Frontiers in psychology. 2016 Nov;7:1873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01873.
[28] Lee CS. Employment Stress and Wellbeing of University Students in Korea: The Mediating Effects of Growth Mindset, Grit, and Hope. Medico-Legal Update. 2018 Jan;(1):254-259. DOI · 10.5958/0974- 1283.2018.00096.
[29] Hwang YK, Lee CS. Relationship between Stress and Happiness in Middle School Students: Dual Mediation Effect of Growth Mindset and Self-esteem. Medico-Legal Update. 2018 Jan;(1):248-253. DOI
· 10.5958/0974-1283.2018.00096.8
[30] Mangels JA, Butterfield B, Lamb J, Good C, Dweck CS. Why do beliefs about intelligence influence learning success? A social cognitive neuroscience model. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience. 2006 Sep;1(2):75-86.
[31] Alessandri G, Vecchione M, Eisenberg N, Łaguna M. On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) General Self-Esteem Scale. Psychological Assessment. 2015;27(2):621. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000073
[32] Seo EK, Goo JS. Develop and validate shortened happiness scale (COMOSWB). Korean Journal of Psychology: Society and Personality. 2011;25(1):95-113.
[33] Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Publications; 2018
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
