The Effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on the different surface to muscle strength, proprioception and postural sway in healthy adult
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/sec0y189Keywords:
Nordic Hamstring exercise, Eccentric exercise, Proprioception, Muscle strength, Postural sway, Unstable surfaceAbstract
Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of postural sway and eccentric muscle strength and proprioception on an unstable surface during the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE).
Methods/Statistical analysis: Forty male adults participated in this study. All subjects are randomized into groups of stable and unstable surfaces. NHE is administered three times a week for four weeks, with two measurements of muscle strength, proprioception, and postural sway before and after exercise. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences before and after intervention in the group, and independent t-tests were used to compare the difference of effects between groups.
Findings: As a result of this study, there was a significant difference in the joint position sense of knee and hip in the comparison between groups(p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in muscle strength and postural sway. In the comparison between the groups, the joint position sense of knee and hip was not significantly different in the control group, but in the experimental group. There were also significant differences in muscle strength in both the control and experimental groups, and postural sway was significant only in the experimental group.
Improvements/Applications: Considering these findings, this study may help to design a more effective exercise for athlete and elderly people
Downloads
References
1. Peter BR. Hamstring injuries: prevention and treatment—an update. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Oct;49(19);1241-4.
2. Rössler R, Donath L, Verhagen E, Junge A, Schweizer T, Faude O. Exercise-based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014 Dec;44(12):1733-48.
3. Thorborg K. Why hamstring eccentrics are hamstring essentials. Br J Sports Med. 2012 Jun;46(7):463-5.
4. Lorenz D, Reiman M. The role and implementation of eccentric training in athletic rehabilitation: tendinopathy, hamstring strains, and acl reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Mar;6(1): 27–44.
5. Van der Horst N, Smits DW, Petersen J, Goedhart EA, Backx FJ. The Preventive Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in Amateur Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015 Jun;43(6):1316-23.
6. Shield AJ, Bourne MN. Hamstring Injury Prevention Practices in Elite Sport: Evidence for Eccentric Strength vs. Lumbo-Pelvic Training. Sports Med, 2018 Mar;48(3):513-24.
7. Mjølsnes R, Arnason A, Østhagen T, Raastad T, Bahr R. A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004 Oct;14(5):311-7.
8. Baroni BM, Geremia JM, Rodriques R, De Azevedo Franke R, Karamanidis K, Vaz MA. Muscle architecture adaptations to knee extensor eccentric training: rectus femoris vs vastus lateralis. J Muslce Nerve. 2013 Oct;48(4):498- 506.
9. Arnason A, Andersen TE, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Prevention of hamstring stains in elite soccer: an intervention study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Feb;18(1):40-8.
10. Lumbroso D, Ziv E, Vered E, Kalichman L. The effect of kinesio tape application on hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles in healthy young adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014 Jan;18(1):130-8.
11. Mcalister MJ, Hammond KG, Schilling BK, Ferreria LC, Reed JP, Weiss LW. Muscle activation during various hamstring exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jun;28(6):1573-80.
12. Van der made AD, Wieldraaijer T, Kerkhoffs GM, Kleipool RP, Engebretsen L, Van kijk CN, Golano P. J Sports traumatology, 2015 Jul;23(7):2115-22.
13. Park JH, Choi WJ, Lee SW. Effects of immediate unilateral whole body vibration on muscle performance and balance in young adults. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci. 2013;2(2):115-8.
14. Schulmann DL, Godfrey B, Fisher AG. Effect of Eye Movements on Dynamic Equilibrium. J Phys Ther. 1987 Jul;67(7):1054–7.
15. Ha SY, Han JH, and Sung YE. Effects of ankle strengthening exercise program on an unstable supporting surface on proprioception and balance in adults with functional ankle instability. J Exercise Rehabilitation. 2018 Apr; 14(2):301
16. Shumway CA, Woollacott MH. Motor control: Theory and practical applications. 1st ed.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; c1995. p.119-206.
17. Norré ME. Sensory interaction testing in platform posturography. J Laryngol Otol. 1993 Jun;107(6):496-501.
18. Jang GY, Woo HS. Fall prevention occupational therapy applied to women aged Effects on ability to balance. Korea Digital Contents Society. 2010;10(3):233-40.
19. David L, Tim K, John J. Jeka. Asymmetric sensory reweighting in human upright stance. PLos ONE. 2014;9(6):1-10.
20. Engelhart D, Schouten AC, Aarts RG, van der Kooij H. Assessment of Multi-Joint Coordination and Adaptation in Standing Balance: a Novel Device and System Identification Technique. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2015 Nov;23(6):973-82.
21. Marigold DS, Eng JJ. The relationship of asymmetric weight-bearing with postural sway and visual reliance in stroke. Gait & Posture. 2006 Feb;23(2):249–55.
22. David E, Amasay T, Ludwig K, Shapiro S. The Effect of Foam Rolling of the Hamstrings on Proprioception at the Knee and Hip Joints. Int J Exerc Sci. 2019 Mar;12(1):343-54.
23. Behm DG, Muehlbauer T, Kibele A, Granacher U. Effects of Strength Training Using Unstable Surfaces on Strength, Power and Balance Performance Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;45(12):1645-69.
24. Saeterbakken AH, Andersen V, Jansson J, Kvellestad AC, Fimland MS. Effects of BOSU ball(s) during sit-ups with body weight and added resistance on core muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Dec;28(12):3515-22.
25. Lovell R, Sieqler JC, Knox M, Brennan S, Marshall PW. Acute neuromuscular and performance responses to nordic hamstring exercises completed before or after football training. J Sports Sci. 2016 Dec;34(24):2286-94.
26. Park SY, Yoo WG. Selective activation of the latissimus dorsi and the inferior fibers of trapezius at various shoulder angles during isometric pull-down exertion. J Electro Kinesiol. 2013 Dec;23(6):1350-5.
27. Murray MP, Kory RC, Clarkson BH. Walking patterns in healthy old men. J Gerontol. 1969 Apr;24(2):169-78.
28. Hong J, Kim M, Jung D, Lim O, Yi C. Effects of medial wedge on muscle activity of lower limb in healthy adults during one leg standing [dissertation]. [Seoul]: University of Yonsei. 2011. p.60-6.
29. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M. Chronic adaptations to eccentric training: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2017 May;47(5):917-41.
30. Liu C, Chen CS, Ho WH, Fule RJ, Chung PH, Shiang TY. The effects of passive leg press training on jumping performance, speed, and muscle power. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jun;27(6):1479-86.
31. Lindsey K, Adam S, James A, Dustin R. Eccentric Exercise to Enhance Neuromuscular Control. J Sports Health. 2017 Jul/Aug; 9(4): 333–40.
32. Brockett CL, Morgan DL, Proske U. Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 May;33(5):783-90.
33. Monajati A, Larumbe ZE, Goss SM, Naclerio F. Analysis of the Hamstring Muscle Activation During two Injury Prevention Exercises. J Hum Kinet. 2017 Dec;28(60):29-37.
34. Bourne MN, Duhig SJ, Timmins RG, Williams MD, Opar DA, Al Najjar A, et al. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphologyimplications for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Mar;51(5):469-77.
35. van Dieën JH, van Leeuwen M, Faber GS. Learning to balance on one leg: motor strategy and sensory weighting, J Neurophysiol. 2015 Nov;114(5):2967-82.
36. Hansson EE, Beckman A, Håkansson A, Effect of vision, proprioception, and the position of the vestibular organ on postural sway. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010 Dec;130(12):1358-63.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
