Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Alternaria citrus stem end rot
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/0jx1b316Keywords:
Alternaria alternat, Citrus stem end rot, fungal pathogens isolation, identificationAbstract
Citrus stem end rot symptoms on citrus fruit were observed in Alsuwaira orchard citrus since 2015 in Wasit province, Iraq. Infected citrus fruits were collected to isolate and characterize the pathogenic factors. The isolates showed that Alternaria spp. has been involved in infected citrus fruit. Genetic characteristics were analyzed based on sequence of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The phylogenetic tree based on rDNA- ITS analysis showed that the Alternaria alternata the main pathogenic factor of citrus stem end rot.Molecular identity of rDNA-ITS region of the present isolates were deposited in the GenBank database under the eight accession numbers from MK121457 to MK121464.
Downloads
References
1. Abdelmalek G.A.M. and T.A. Salaheldin. 2016. Silver Nanoparticles as a Potent Fungicide for Citrus Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Nanomed Res 3(5): 00065. DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2016.03.00065.
2. Akimitsu K., T.L. Peever and L.W. Timmer. 2003. Molecular, ecological and evolutionary approaches to understanding Alternaria diseases of citrus. Molecular Plant Pathology. 4(6): 435–446.
3. Embaby E.M., M. Hazaa, F. Laila Hagag, I. Talaat El-Sayed and F.S. Abdel- Azem. 2013. Decay of some citrus fruit quality caused by fungi and their Control: II- Control Alternaria rot or core rot decay by using some alternative fungicides. J Appl Sci Res. 9(11): 5671-5678.
4. Fischer I.H., M.O. Ferreir, M.B. Spósito and L.Amorim. 2009. Citrus postharvest diseases and injuries related to impact on packing lines. Scientia Agricola. 66(2): 21 0-217.
5. Galsurker O., S. Diskin, D. Maurer, O. Feygenberg and N. Alkan. 2018. Fruit Stem-End Rot. Horticulturae. (4)50;doi:10.3390/horticulturae4040050.
6. Garganese F., L. Schena, I. Siciliano,M. I. Prigigallo, D. Spadaro, A. De Grassi and et al. 2016. Characterization of Citrus-Associated AlternariaSpecies in Mediterranean Areas. PLoS ONE 11(9):e0163255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
7. Kareem, T.A. and M.S.Hassan.2015.comparison of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from soil in Baghdad.Iraq genetically with world isolates .Donnish journal of Agricultural research .2(3):029-035.
8. Khan A., S. Iram and A. Rasool. 2015. Pathogens identification and charactrization that compromised citrus fruit quality in selected orchards of Sargodha. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Toxic. Res. 3(4):54-59.
9. Kumar, S., G. Stecher and K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33(7):1870-1874.
10. Mojerlou S.and N. Safaie. 2012. Phylogenetic Analysis of Alternaria species Associated with Citrus Black Rot in Iran. J. Plant Pathol. Microb. 3:144. doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000144.
11. Peever T.L., L. Carpenter-Boggs, L.W. Timmer, L.M. Carris and A. Bhatia. 2005. Citrus Black Rot is caused by Phylogenetically Distinct Lineages of Alternaria alternate. The American Phytopathological Society. 95(5).
12. Rang J.C., P.W. Crous, G.R.A. Mchau, M. Serdani and S.M. Song. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of Alternaria spp. associated with apple core rot and citrus black rot in South Africa. Mycol Res 106: 1151- 1162.
13. Saitou N. and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic tree. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4(4): 406-425.
14. Sanger, F. Ai., G.M. Barrell, B.G. Brown, N.L. Coulson, A.R. Fiddes, C.A. Hutchison, P.M. Slocombe, and M. Smith. 1977. Nucleotide sequence of bacterophage phi x 174DNA. Nature. 24: 265(5596): 687- 695.
15. Sharma M., R. Ghosh, U.N. Mangala, K.B. Saxena and S. Pande. 2012. Alternaria tenuissima Causing Alter-naria Blight on Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in India. Plant Disease, 96, 907 .
16. Singh, R. S. and R. N. Khanna. 1966. Black rot of mandarin orange caused by Alternaria tenuis Auct. Plant Dis. Rep. 50:127-131.
17. White, T.J., T. Bruns, S. Lee, and J. Talyor. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis ,M.,A., Gelfand , D.H., Suinisky , J.J. and White ,T.J. Eds., PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications, Academic press, San Diego, 315-322.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
