Digital Currency as An Electronic Payment Method: A Legal Approach

Authors

  • Raghad Fawzi Abed Faculty of Law, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61841/b03xst37

Keywords:

Digital Currency, Electronic Payment, Bitcoin, Legitimacy

Abstract

The digital currency has made a qualitative impact as a means of economic exchange, and its circulation has expanded daily, without taking legal cover, as most of the countries of the world have not yet authorized dealing with it. Even those that I authorized did not regulate it or have a legal rule that allows it to be dealt with as an official currency, where it is misled to take it with confidentiality and is considered a symbol of non-transparent financial transactions, Like its use in money laundering and tax evasion crimes, and despite the seriousness of this currency, its realistic existence necessitates its legal approval and regulation and issuance by a central authority that supervises it. Especially since the text of Article 39 of the Law of the Central Bank of Iraq No. 56 of 2004 allows it to approve payment systems commensurate with the international economic development.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Muhammad Tawfiq Saudi) .2002 .(Credit Cards and the Legal Basis for Relationships Arising from Their Use .Cairo: Dar Al-Amin.

Abdel-Hamid El El-Ghazali‘& Mohamed Khalil Borai no date .Introduction to Macroeconomics .Cairo: Modern Cairo Library.

Abdul Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Bahouth) .2017 .(Its Concept, Types, and Economic Effects .Scientific Journal of Economics and Trade.

Abdullah Al-Aqeel) .2017 .(Jurisprudential Rulings Related to Electronic Currencies .Islamic University of Medina . scientific research publications.

Abdullah Radhi Al-Shammari) .2019 .(Fiqh rooting of virtual currencies .College of Islamic Sharia .Sharjah: proceedings of the conference of the College of Islamic Sharia.

Ahmad Hassan) .1999 .(Banknotes in Islamic Economics 1st edition Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr.

Ahmad Jamal Al-Din Musa) .2001 .(heories and Monetary and Banking Systems .Mansourah: University Book Distribution Authority.

Ahmad Safar) .2006 .(Electronic Banking Work in the Arab Countries .Lebanon: Modern Book Corporation. Ahmed Farid Boraie) .1994 .(ash and Banking Systems .Alexandria: Arab Culture House.

Ahmed Farid Boraie) .2000 .(Money and Economic Balance .Alexandria: University Youth Foundation.

Ali Hassan Yunus) .1990 .(Commercial Contracts and Banking Operations .Cairo: Al-Hamami Printing House. Ali Jamal Al-Din) .1981 .(Banking Operations from the Legal Perspective .Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya. alvexo) .2019 .(https://academy.alvexo.ae/academy-basics/basic-articles/what-is-virtual-currency .from alvexo. Ayman Abdel Hafeez) .2007 .(electronic payment cards, police presses .Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Fawzi Mohammed Sami ‘& Faeq Mahmoud Al-Shamaa) .1992 .(Commercial Law Commercial Paper .Baghdad: Baghdad University.

Fayez Naeem Radwan) .1990 .(Cards of Loyalty .Mansoura: Al-Galaa Library.

Ghassan Muhammad Al-Sheikh) .2019 .(Fiqh Root of the Digital Currency - Bitcoin as a Model .Sharjah: research published in the book of the fifteenth International Conference of the College of Sharia and Islamic Studies at the University of Sharjah.

Hani Dowidar) .2003 .(Fulfillment of Commercially Treated Electronic Papers .Alexandria: New University House.

Hisham Talaat Abdel Hakim ‘Emad Abd Al-Hussein Dalloul) .2016 .(the electronic trading system and its implications for the stock market trading indicators .Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences.

Hussein Saeed) .1993 .(Credit Card .The Arab Symposium on Currency or Check Protection Against Counterfeiting and Counterfeiting .Cairo: National Center for Social and Criminal Research.

Larousse Encyclopedia) .2002 .(Energy and Matter .Beirut: Aouidat Publishing House.

Mithaq Hadi Hashem ‘Khawla Hussein Hamdan) .2018 .(evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control of the electronic bond clearing system ach .the Muthanna Journal of Administrative.

Mohamed Taifouri) .8 7 ,2018 .(https://www.aleqt.com/2019/07/08/article_1633201.html .date 20 4 ,2020

Mostafa Kamal Taha ‘Wael Nour Bondouk) .2009 .(commercial papers and modern electronic payment methods .

Alexandria: University House of Thought.

Muhammad Abdul-Halim Omar) .1997 .(Sharia, Banking and Accounting Aspects of Credit Cards .Cairo: Al-Azhar University.

Muhammad Bahjat Qaid) .2001 .(Electronic Commercial Papers .Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia.

Muhammad Hassan Al-Jabr) .1997 .(Commercial Contracts and Banking Operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .

Riyadh: King Saud University Publications.

Muhammad Husam Lutfi) .2002 .(The Legal Framework for Electronic Transactions ( A Study in the Rules of Civil and Commercial Evidence .( Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Muhammad Ibrahim Al-Shafei) .2003 .(Monetary and Financial Effects of Electronic Money .Lebanon: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Muhammad Ibrahim Al-Suhaibati) .2007 .(The Saudi Stock Market, A Future Outlook .Saudi Arabia: King Khalid University.

Muhammad Zaki Shafi’i) .1983 .(Introduction to Money and Banking .Cairo: Arab Renaissance House. Murad Munir Fahim) .1982 .(Commercial Law .Alexandria: Monshaat Al-Maarif.

Murad Rayq Odeh) .2019 .(the functions and conditions of money and the extent of their verification in virtual currencies .the facts of the fifteenth conference of the College of Islamic Law .Sharjah: University of Sharjah.

Musa Adam Issa) .1993 .(Effects of changes in the value of money and how they are addressed in the Islamic economy, published by the Development and Research Department .Dallah Al-Baraka Group.

Nur al- Din Soelhi) .2018 .(the impact of mining Alpetkoan virtual currencies on the global monetary system stability .

prospects of a scientific journal.

R C Merton) .2007 .(continuous time finance .Blackwell publishers.

Riyad Fathallah Bussaila) .1995 .(Credit Card Crimes1 st edition .(Cairo: Dar Al-Shorouk.

Sherif Mohamed Ghannam) .2007 .(Electronic Money Portfolio .Alexandria: New University House. Subhi Tadros) .1983 .(Money and Banking .Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.

Tharwat Abdel-Rahim) .1982 .(The Commercial Law of Egypt .Cairo: The Arab Renaissance House.

Downloads

Published

30.11.2020

How to Cite

Abed, R. F. (2020). Digital Currency as An Electronic Payment Method: A Legal Approach. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(9), 3981-3991. https://doi.org/10.61841/b03xst37