Problems of Reforms of Education in Turkestan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/8ff6pe82Keywords:
Turkestan, culture, schools, madrassas, education, upbringingAbstract
In this article, the cultural life of the Turkestan is widely illustrated in the example of the educational system in the second half of the 19 century – the beginning of the 20 centuries. The introduction of full information about schools and madrassas, which were considered parts of traditional education, pedagogical process in them, detailed information on their educational activities, provision, the list of subjects to be taught, as well as textbooks gives a chance to acquire whole information on the issue. Besides, the author studied the problems existing in educational system of that period and analyzed the ways of their elimination. In this regard, there has been highlighted the role of education in society, the opportunities created for students and teachers, the unique role of the education system in the cultural life of society in the article.
Downloads
References
1. O‘zR MDA I-1 jamg‘arma, 11-ro‘yxat, 1-yig‘majild, 14-varaq.
2. O‘zR MDA I-47 jamg‘arma, 1-ro‘yxat, 382-yig‘majild, 8-varaq.
3. O‘zR MDA I-47 jamg‘arma, 1-ro‘yxat, 926-yig‘majild, 101-varaq.
4. O‘zR MDA, 47 jamg‘arma 1-ro‘yxat, 955 yig‘ma jild, 259-v.
5. O‘zR MDA, I-1 jamg‘arma, 27-ro‘yxat, 1207-yigma jild, 1-13-varaq.
6. O‘zR MDA, I-1-jamg‘arma, 27-ro‘yxat, 1207-yigma jild, 1-13-varaqlar.
7. O‘zR MDA, I-461-jamg‘arma, 1-ro‘yxat, 1720-yig‘ma jild, v. 76.
8. Ujfalvy Ch.E. Expédition scientifique française en Russie, en Sibérie et dans le Turkestan. Le Kohistan, le Ferghanah et Kouldja avec un appendice sur la Kachgharie. Vol. 1. – Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1878. – I, V. 186 p.; Ujfalvy Ch.E. Expédition scientifique française en Russie, en Sibérie et dans le Turkestan. Le Syr-daria, le Zerafchâne, le pays des Sept-rivières et la Sibèrie – Occidentale avec 4 appendice. Vol. 2. – Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1879. – I, XVI. 208 p.; Bonvalot G. En Asie centrale. De Moscou en Bactriane. – Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit et CO. 1884, –309 p., carte.; Bonvalot G. En Asie Centrale. Du Kohistan à la mer Caspienne (voyage de 1880-1882). – Paris,
E. Plon, Nourrit et CO, 1885. – 308 p., carte.; Moser H. A travers l‘Asie Central. La steppe kirghize, le Turkestan russe, Boukhara, Khiva, le pays des Turcomans et la Perse. Impression de voyage. – Paris: Société d‘édition scientifique, 1885. – 463 p.; Кrafft H. A travers le Turkestan Russe. Paris, Hachette et C ie, 79, B D Saint-Germain. 1902.; Castange J. Notes des voyage en Аsie Cent-rale. – Rouen: Imprimerie E. Cagniard, 1908.
9. Arminius Vambery. Travels in Central Asia being the account of a journey from Teheran across the Turkoman desert on the eastern shore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara and Samarcand. London. John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1864.; Frederick Burnaby. A Ride to Khiva. Travels and Adventures in Central Asia. 1876.; Henry Lansdell. Russian Central Asia including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv by Henry Lansdell, D.D., M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S. with frontispiece, maps, and illustrations, in two volumes. London. Sampson Low, Martson, Searle and Rivington. 188,
Fleet Street. 1885.; Schuyler E. Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara and Kuldja. – New York, 1885. Vol. I- II.
10. Abdullaev I. Eski maktabda xat-savod o‘rgatish. – Toshkent, 1961.
11. Ayniy S. Asarlar. 1-Tom. – Toshkent, 1963.
12. Ayniy S. Asarlar. 5-Tom. – Toshkent, 1965.
13. Ayniy S. Asarlar. 6-Tom. – Toshkent: Badiiy adabiyot, 1965.
14. Ayniy S. Buxoro inqilobi tarixi uchun materiallar. – M., 1926.
15. Bendrikov K. E. Ocherki po istorii narodnogo obrazovaniya v Turkestane 1865–1924 gg. –Moskva: Nauka, 1960.
16. Behbudiy M. Tanlangan asarlar. – Toshkent: Ma’naviyat, 1999.
17. Behbudiy M. Til masalasi // Oyina. 1915. № 11, 12.
18. Vamberi G. Puteshestvie po Sredney Azii. Moskva. 1874. – 383 p.
19. Geyer I. I. Turkestan. – Tashkent, 1909.
20. Girshfeld G. Voenno-statisticheskoe opisanie Xivinskogo oazisa. CH. II. Tashkent, 1903.
21. Gramenitskiy S. Inorodcheskoe obrazovanie . Turkestanskiye vedomosti. 1900. №3.
22. Gramenitskiy S. Inorodcheskoe obrazovanie v Turkestanskom krae. Turkestanskiye vedomosti. 1900. №1
23. Gramenitskiy S. Polojenie inorodcheskogo obrazovaniya v Sir’-Darinskoy oblasti. – Tashkent, 1916.
24. Dmitriev – Kavkazskiy L.E.. Po Sredney Azii. Zapiski xudojnika.– SPb., 1894.
25. Donish A. Navodir ul-vaqoe. – Toshkent, 1964.
26. Ziyaeva D. Rol gorodov i transformatsiya v torgovix svyazax Uzbekistana s Kitaem (2-polovina 19 – nachalo 20 vekov) // 1400th anniversary of Tang’s capital Chang’an (Belt and Road Initiative). – Xi’an (CHINE) 2018.
27. Ziyaeva D. Russkie duxovno-kulturnie i blagotvoritelnie obshestva v gorodax Turkestana. // Rossiysko- Uzbekistanskie svyazi v kontekste mnogovekovoy istoricheskoy retrospektivi. – T. 2013. – S. 224–231.
28. Ziyaeva D. Transformatsiya traditsionnoy gorodskoy ekonomiki Buxari v konse XIX – nachale XX vv. // Sentralnaya Aziya: chelovek, obshestvo i gosudarstvo. Rossiyskaya Akademiya nauk Institut vseobshey istorii. – Moskva. 2013. Sbornik statey. – S.225–234
29. Ziyaeva D. Novovvedeniya v traditsionnom jilishe gorodskogo naseleniya Uzbekistana. / X Kongress etnologov i antropologov Rossii. – Moskva. 2013. Seksiya 18. Gorodskaya kultura Sentralnoy Azii: Istoriya i sovremennost. – S.110.
30. Ziyaeva D. The environmental problems of the cities in contemporary Uzbekistan // The social history and anthropogenic landscape of the Syrdarya River Basin: Exploring an environmental Archive. – Tashkent, 18–19 April 2016. – P. 23.
31. Ziyaeva D. Intellektualnoe nasledie Uzbekistana XIX – nachala XX vv. v kontekste vzaimovliyaniya zapadnoy i traditsionnoy nauki // Istoriya i istoricheskaya pamyat: mejvuz. sb. nauch. tr. [pod red. A.V. Gladisheva.] – Vip.17. – Saratov: Sarat. gos. un-t, 2018. S.68–72.
32. Ziyaeva D. Intellektualnoe nasledie Uzbekistana XIX – nachala XX vv. v kontekste vzaimovliyaniya zapadnoy i traditsionnoy nauki // Istoriya i istoricheskaya pamyat: mejvuz. sb. nauch. tr. / pod red. A.V. Gladisheva. – Saratov: Sarat. gos. un-t, 2018. – Vip. 17. – Pp.68-72.
33. Ziyaeva D. Intellektualnoe nasledie Uzbekistana v XIX – nachale XX vekov // 1-Forum gumanitarnikh nauk
“Velikaya Step”. International Turkic Academy. – Astana, Kazakhstan. 2017.
34. Ziyaeva D. Traditional medicine in Turkestan at the end of XIX - at the beginning of XX centuries // ESCAS-
CESS joint conference, June 29–July 2, 2017, Bishkek, Kirgizstan.
35. Ziyaeva D. Written Sources of Intellectual Heriatage of Uzbekistan in 19th – 20th // Sivilizatsii velikogo shelkovogo puti iz proshlogo v budushee: perspektivi estestvennix, obshestvennix, gumanitarnix nauk. P. 386-393.
36. Ziyaeva D. Sovetskaya Politika “Natsionalizatsii” i “Raskulachivaniya” v Uzbekistane. // 100. yilinda sovyet ihtilali ve Türk dünyasi. – ANQARA. 2018. – S. 189-197.
37. Ziyaeva D.H. Education and culture in Tashkent. // Himalayan and Central Asian Studies (Uzbekistan Special). – DEHLI. 2015.
38. Ziyayeva D. Kh. The Sources on the History of Intellectual Heritage in Uzbekistan. // – Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal 2(1), June 2018. – P.117-123.
39. Ziyayeva D. School of traditional historiography in Kharezm: history and features of development // Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (Double Blind Refereed & Reviewed International Journal). – India, Vol. 9 Issue 7, July 2019. – P. 30–37.
40. Ziyayeva D. Main arias of researches in the field of natural sciences in the XIX – early XX centuries // Multi disciplinary scientific journal “Archivarius” collection of scientific publications. – Kiev 2019. P.24–32.
41. Ismailov SH. Narodnoe obrazovanie v Uzbekistane v konse XIX – nachale XX veka. Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk. Tashkent, 1981.
42. Kari – Niyazov T.N. Ocherki istorii kulturi Sovetskogo O‘zbekistana. – M., 1955.
43. Kuraxmedov A.E. XIX asr ikkinchi yarmi – XX asr boshlarida Samarqandning iqtisodiy va madaniy hayoti. – Toshkent: Fan, 2009. – P. 70–79
44. Kaufman K.P. Proekt vsepoddanneyshego otcheta general-ad’yutanta K.P. fon Kaufmana po grajdanskomu upravleniyu i ustroystvu v oblastyax turkestanskogo general-gubernatorstva. 7.XI.1867. – 25. III. 1881. (sost. P.I. Xomutov). SPb., 1885. VIII gl. otcheta perepechatana v kn.: Kaufman K.P. Nachalnoe narodnoe obrazovanie v Turkestanskom krae. 1881. – SPb., 1910.
45. Kerenskiy F.M. Medrese Turkestanskogo kraya // Turkestanskiy sbornik. Tom 418. –Tashkent, 1907.
46. Qosimov B. Milliy uyg‘onish. – Toshkent, 2002.
47. Qosimov B. Turkistonda jadid maktablari. – Toshkent, 2006
48. Nazimov A. Qizlar tarbiyasi. Toshkent: Kamalak, 1994.
49. Nalivkin V.P. Chto daet sredneaziatskaya musulmanskaya shkola v obrazovatelnom i vospitatelnom otnosheniyax // Turkestanskiy literaturniy sbornik v polzu prokajennix. – Spb.: Turkestanskoe okrujnoe upravlenie Rossiyskogo Obщestva Krasnogo Kresta, 1900
50. Nalivkin V. P. Shkola u tuzemsev Sredney Azii // Turkestanskie vedomosti. 49.
51. Niyoziy Rajabzoda. Besporyadochnost ili put razvitiya nashix nachalnыx shkol // Oyina, 1914. № 38.
52. Oyina. 1914, № 12.
53. Oyina. 1914. № 17.
54. Oyina. 1914. № 38.
55. Olimat ul-banot. Muosharat odobi. Toshkent: Mehnat, 1997. 32-bet.
56. Ostroumov N. P. Islamovedenie // Vvedenie v kurs islamovedeniya. – Tashkent, 1914.
57. Ostroumov N. P. Musulmanskie maktabi i russko-tuzemnie shkoli v Turkestanskom krae // Turkestanskiy sbornik. T. 418. – Tashkent, 1908.
58. Ostroumov N. P. Chto delat s novometodnimi maktabami? // Turkestanskie vedemosti, 1909. №1. 57.
59. Ostroumov N. P. Chto delat s novometodnimi maktabami? // Turkestanskiy sbornik. T. 497. – Tashkent, 1909.
60. Pavlovskiy E.N. Ocherki Samarkandskoy oblasti. (S risunkami v tekste) // Turkestanskiy sbornik. T.554. – Tashkent, 1915.
61. T.XI Svoda zakonov. Otdelenie vtoroe. Ob upravlenii uchebnimi zavedeniyami v Turkestanskom krae.
62. Turkestanskie vedomosti. 1878, № 16.
63. Turkestanskie vedomosti. 1898, 8 avgusta, № 32.
64. Turkestanskie vedomosti. 1899, 8 avgusta, № 35.
65. O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 10-jild, Toshkent: Davlat milliy nashriyoti, 2005.
66. Fitrat A. Munozara // Sharq Yulduzi. 1997, № 1.
67. Fitrat A. Hindistonda bir farangi ila buxorolik mudarrisning jadidi maktablari xususida qilgan munozarasi // Tanlangan asarlar. – Toshkent, 2000. 1-jild.
68. Fitrat A. Tanlangan asarlar. 4-jild. – Toshkent, 2006.
69. Fitrat A.Tanlangan asarlar. 1-jild. – Toshkent, 2000.
70. Xanikov A. Opisanie Buxarskogo xanstva. – Sanktpeterburg’: v’ tipografii Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk, 1843.
71. Xanikov A. Opisanie Buxarskogo xanstva. – SPb., 1848.
72. Xoroshxin A.P. Sbornik statey, kasayushixsya Turkestanskogo kraya. – SPb., 1876.
73. Jamolova D.M. Buxoro amirligida jadidlar va qadimchilar faoliyati (XIX asr oxiri – XX asr boshlari): Tarix fanlari bo‘yicha falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun diss. avtoref. – Toshkent, 2019. – 52 b.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
