Spectrophotometric Determination of Clonazepam Drug in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Preparation by Diazotization Reaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/d15hzn67Keywords:
Spectrophotometric Determination, Clonazepam, Azo-coupling ReactionAbstract
By diazotization coupling reaction as accurate, selective and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination drug of clonazepam by reliant on azo-coupling reaction between CZP and 1,2-phenylenediamine for To achieve the purpose of obtaining the colored product with a maximum absorbance of 480nm. For the conditions, the reaction has been studied and optimized. The linearity range for clonazepam was 0.1–6 µg/ml, while the detections limit 0.04327 quantification limit 0.14425 µg/ml. The molar absorptivity is 8.505×104 L/mol.cm with Sandal's sensitivity of 0.00370 µg/cm². Eventually these methods were successfully completed to determine CZP in pure form and commercial form.
Downloads
References
[1] Chung, H.K., P.K. Dasgupta, and J.N. Marx, Spectrophotometric determination of H2O2 with 1-
anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine with hematin as a catalyst. Talanta, 1993. 40(7): p.
981-988.
[2] Abdoon, F.M. and S.Y. Yahyaa, Validated spectrophotometric approach for determination of salbutamol
sulfate in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms using oxidative coupling reaction. Journal of King Saud
University - Science, 2018: p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.11.002.
[3] Pharmacopeia, B., CD-ROM Her Majesty's Stationary Office. 1998, London.
[4] Ahmed, I.S. and A.S. Amin, Spectrophotometric microdetermination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in
pure and in pharmaceutical formulations using hematoxylin. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2007. 130(1):
p.84-87.
[5] Sharma, S., et al., Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Escitalopram Oxalate and
Clonazepam using a multi-component mode of analysis. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010. 3(9): p. 2303-
2305.
[6] Al-Abachi, M.Q., H. Haddi, and A.M. Al-Abachi, Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin by
reaction with N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). Analytica Chimica
Acta, 2005. 554(1): p. 184-189.
[7] Nagarjuna, A., et al., An isocratic chiral sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method was
developed for the separation of the escitalopram oxalate drug substance. Indian Drugs, 2006. 43: p. 746.
[8] Bhimanadhuni, C.N., D.R. Garikapati, and P. Usha, Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method
for the simultaneous determination of Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam in bulk and its pharmaceutical
formulations. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2012. 1(8): p. 193-198.
[9] Abdullah, H.H., Cloud-point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of clonazepam in
pharmaceutical dosage forms. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2017. 31(3): p. 373-382.
[10] Patel, J.U., H. Dalwadi, and P. Shah, Application of Ratio Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous
Determination of Clonazepam and Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Form.
[11] Bhagyasree, T., et al., Assay method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of paroxetine
and clonazepam by RP-HPLC. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Anal., 2014, 4: p. 421-427.
[12] Usha Rani, N., G. Sahithi, and K. Divya, New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of
Desvenlafaxine and Clonazepam in Tablets. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug
Research, 2015. 7(2): p. 182-187.
[13] MAHDI, M.I. and K.H. KADIM, Spectrophotometric Determination for Benzodiazepine Drugs
(Clonazepam and Nitrazepam) in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparation. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2018.
30(12): p. 2686-2692.
[14] Honeychurch, K.C. and J.P. Hart, Electrochemical detection of benzodiazepines, following liquid
chromatography for applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and forensic investigations. In sciences
Journal Sensors, 2014. 4(1).
[15] Shah, P., et al., Development and validation of an HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of
Clonazepam and paroxetine hydrochloride using a DOE approach. Journal of Taibah University for
Science, 2017. 11(1): p. 121-132.
[16] Caramelo, D., et al., Determination of antipsychotic drugs in oral fluid using dried saliva spots by gas
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2019. 411(23): p.
6141-6153.
[17] Khatik, R., et al., Potential in vitro and in vivo colon specific anticancer activity in a HCT-116 xenograft
Nude mice model: targeted delivery using enteric-coated folate-modified nanoparticles. RSC Advances,
2015. 5(21): p. 16507-16520.
[18] Honeychurch, K.C., J. Brooks, and J.P. Hart, Development of a voltammetric assay, using screen-printed
electrodes for clonazepam and its application to beverage and serum samples. Talanta, 2016. 147: p. 510-
515.
[19] Habibi, B. and M. Jahanbakhshi, Silver nanoparticles/multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite
modified electrode: Voltammetric determination of clonazepam. Electrochimica Acta, 2014. 118: p. 10-17.
[20] Solich, P., Application of Flow Injection Technique in Pharmaceutical Analysis. Part I.:
Spectrophotometric and Chemiluminescence.
[21] Saddam, N.S. and K. Kadhim, Spectrophotometric determination of Drug Clonazepam in Pure form and
Pharmaceutical Tablets by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 2019. 10(02): p. 342-348.
[22] Al-Abachi, M.Q. and M.A. Hammoudi, The use of spectrophotometric batch and flow injection estimation
of clonazepam drug in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2015. 56(3B): p.
2115-2125.
[23] Enad, A.G., E.T. Abdulla, and M.G. Hamed, Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of
conductive polyaniline/functionalized MWCNT nanocomposites. Journal of university of Anbar for Pure
Science, 2017. 11(1): p. 32-38.
[24] Aljeboree, A.M. and A.N. Alshirifi, Colorimetric determination of Amoxicillin using 4-Aminoantipyrine
and the effects of different parameters 12. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019. 12(5): p. 052067.
[25] Aljeboree, A.M. and A.N. Alshirifi, Colorimetric Determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride drug
Using 4-Aminoantipyrine: Stability and Higher Sensitivity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Research, 2018. 10(7): p. 1774-1779.
[26] Al-Abachi, M.Q., H. Hadi, and F.J. Yousef, Flow Injection-Spectrophotometric Determination of
Vancomycin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Diazotized Metoclopramide. Al-Nahrain
Journal of Science, 2015. 18(1): p. 9-19.
[27] Al-Shaalan, N.H., Determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate in binary
mixture using chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic-UV
methods. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2010. 14: p. 15-21.
[28] Al-Rufaie, M., A. Al-Sharefy, and K. Kathem, Spectrophotometric determination of doxycycline hyclate in
pharmaceutical preparations using oxidative coupling reaction. J. Applicable Chem., 2013, 2(4): p. 931-939.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
