Journey of the Oriental Books and its Scientific Impact in Andalusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/k1x9pb97Keywords:
Journey of the Oriental Books, Scientific Impact in AndalusiaAbstract
The attention of Muslims to books was very caring, and therefore they proudly wrote and acquired them. They highlighted a special interest in them in advance as they were one of the main pillars of the Arab Islamic civilization, which regarded books as a supporting ruler and assigned them as particularly important, surpassing all previous civilizations in the quantity and quality of their publication.
Eastern books, which are coming to Andalusia, received the attention of its residents because they found in them the necessary knowledge, practical skills, wisdom, and literature. At the same time, special focus was paid to these books in the form of a generous reception, storage in special places, distinctive teachings, and memorization as sacred. Thus, a new (special) scientific direction was born in Andalusia and contributed to the development of the educational state program, creativity, and new books.
The inhabitants of Andalusia were interested in copying Oriental books to facilitate their distribution throughout Andalusia and the use and study of their contents. At the same time, Andalusian scholars rewrote some of their profitable books in the form of simplification of their explanation, reduction, or study of special parts. On the other hand, it is noted that Eastern scholars also contributed to the scientific renaissance and intellectual movement of Andalusia at its peak (in the third, fourth, and fifth BH), as they transferred their knowledge and books to it.
Andalusia has been the best resource for Islamic literature throughout the Abbasid period. Al-Andalus included diverse books, such as interpreted, linguistic and literary, biographical, origin, historical, experimental, scientific, etc.
Downloads
References
- Ibn Al-Abar, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah (d.658 AH / 1260 AD).
[1]. The supplement to the book of relevance, ed. Bashar Awad Maarouf, 1st Edition, (Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Tunis, 2011 AD).
[2]. The supplement to the book of relevance, translated by Abd al-Salam al-Harras, (Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1995 AD).
a. Ibn Abi Issa'ah, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin al-Qasim bin Khalifa (d.668 AH / 1269 CE).
[3]. Oyoun al-Anbaa in Tabaqat Doctors, Uh: Dr. Nizar Reda, (Publications of the Library of Life House, Beirut, D-T).
a. Amin, Ahmed.
[4]. - Islam appeared, 5th Edition, (Beirut, 1388 AH - 1969 AD).
[5]. Al-Babani Al-Baghdadi, Ismail Pasha bin Muhammad Amin (1339 AH / 1920 AD).
[6]. The gift of the knowledgeable, the names of the authors, the effects of the compilers, and the disclosure of suspicions, was taken care of by: Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Atta, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1971).
a. Palencia, ankle, third.
[7]. History of Andalusian Thought, see: Hussein Mu'nis, presented by: Suleiman Al-Attar, (Egyptian General Book Authority, Cairo, 2011).
a. Ibn Bassam, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Bassam al-Shanterini (d.542 AH / 1147 CE)
[8]. The Ammunition in the Beauties of the People of the Island, Uh: Ihssan Abbas, (House of Culture, Beirut, 1417 AH - 1997 AD).
[9]. Ibn Bashkawal, Abu Al-Qasim (d. 578 AH / 1182 AD)>
[10]. The link in the history of the imams of Andalusia, their scholars, and their modernists, their scholars, and their literature, ed. Bashar Awad Maarouf, 1st Edition, (Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Tunis, 2010).
[11]. Al-Baghdadi, Abdul Qadir Omar.
[12]. The Literature Treasury and Pulp Lob Bab Lisan Al Arab, under: Abdul Salam Muhammad Haroun, 4th floor, (Al-Khanji Library, Cairo, Y 418 AH - 1997 AD).
[13]. Albert Habib, divorced.
[14]. The linguistic movement in Andalusia, (Modern Library, Beirut, 1967).
a. Al-Tunji, Muhammad.
[15]. The Detailed Dictionary of Literature, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut).
[16]. Al-Jubouri, Kamel Salman.
[17]. - The Dictionary of Poets from the Pre-Islamic Era until the year 2002 AD, (Dar Al-Kotob AlUlmiah, Beirut)
a. Ibn Al-Jazri, Abu Al-Khair Muhammad bin Muhammad (d.833 AH / 1429 AD).
[18]. The Purpose of the End in Tabaqat Al-Reciters, translated by: Bergstraser, ed. 1, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1427 AH - 2006 AD).
a. Jayyousi, Salma Al-Khadra.
b. 14 - The Arab Islamic Civilization in Andalusia, 1st Edition, (Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 1998 AD).
[19]. Al-Hamidi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Fattouh bin Abdullah (d. 488 AH / 1095 AD).
[20]. An example of al-Muqtabat in the History of the Scholars of Andalusia, under: Dr. Bashar Awad Maarouf, ed. 1, (Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Tunis, 1429 AH - 2008 CE).
[21]. Al-Hamidi, Yusuf bin Abdulaziz.
[22]. Yaqut al-Hamwi is a historian through his book Mujam al-Buldan, i 1, (Dhifaf Publications, Riyadh, 1435 AH - 2014 CE).
[23]. Haji Khalifa, Mustafa bin Abdullah (d.1068 AH / 1657 AD).
[24]. Unveiling suspicions on the names of books and the arts, under: Muhammad Sharaf al-Din alTaqiya (House of Ihya al-Turath, Beirut).
[25]. Harbi, Khaled Ahmed.
[26]. Sciences of the Islamic Civilization and its Role in Human Civilization, 1st Edition, (Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Doha,
[27]. 1425 AH - 2005 CE).
[28]. Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad Ali bin Saeed (d. 456 AH / 1064 CE).
[29]. The Genealogy of the Arabs, under: Levi Provencal, (Dar Al Maaref, Egypt, 1869 AD). a. Al-Hamiri, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Moneim (d. 900 AH / 1495 AD)
[30]. Al-Rawd Al-Moattar in Countries News, ed: Ihssan Abbas, (Lebanon Library, Beirut, 1972 AD) a. Ibn Hayyan, Abu Marwan Hayyan bin Khalaf bin Hussein (d. 469 AH / 1076 AD).
[31]. Quoted from the news of the people of Andalusia, under: Dr. Mahmoud Ali Makki, (Committee of the Revival of Islamic Heritage, Ministry of Endowments, Egypt, 1415 AH - 1994 AD).
[32]. Al-Khashni, Muhammad bin Harith (361 AH / 971 AD).
[33]. News of the Jurists and Modernists, under: Maria Luisa Abela et al. (Supreme Council for Scientific Research, Institute for Cooperation with the Arab World, Madrid, 1991).
[34]. Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, Ahmed bin Ali bin Thabet (d. 463 AH / 1072 AD).
[35]. - The History of the City of Peace (The History of Baghdad), its Tail and the Benefactor, under: Dr.
Bashar Awad Maarouf, 1st floor, (Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami
a. , 1422 AH - 2001 CE).
b. Ibn Al-Khatib, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Saeed (d. 776 AH / 1374 AD).
[36]. The briefing in the news of Granada, under: Muhammad Abdullah Anan, (Al-Khanji Library,
Cairo, 1973).
a. Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman (d. 808 AH / 1405 AD).
[37]. The Lesson and the Divan of the Beginner and the News in the days of the Arabs, Persians,
Berbers, and those of their contemporaries who were of the greatest authority.
[38]. Introduction Ibn Khaldun, under: Abdullah Muhammad Al-Darwish, ed. 1, (Dar Yaroub,
Damascus, 1425 AH - 2004 AD).
a. Ibn Khallikan, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Muhammad (d.681 AH / 1282 CE).
[39]. The deaths of notables and the news of the sons of time, under: Ihsan Abbas, (Dar Sader, Beirut,
1399 AH - 1978 AD).
[40]. Abu Khalil, Dr. Shawqi.
[41]. The Arab Islamic Civilization and a Summary of Previous Civilizations, 1st Edition,
(Contemporary Thought House, Beirut, 1423 AH -
a. 2002 AD).
b. Khalil Shehadeh, (Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1421 AH - 2000 AD).
c. Ibn Khair, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Khair bin Omar (575 AH / 1179 CE).
[42]. Indexing Ibn Khair, Tj: Bashar Awad Maarouf and others, ed.1, (Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Tunis,
2009 AD).
a. Ibn Khayyat, Caliph bin Khayat al-Basri al-Asfari (d. 240 AH / 854 CE).
[43]. The History of Ibn Khayyat, U: Dr. Akram Diaa Al-Omari, 2nd Edition, (Dar Al-Qalam,
Damascus, 1397 AH - 1976 AD).
[44]. Al-Daghli, Muhammad Saeed.
1- Social life in Andalusia and its impact on Arab literature and Andalusian literature, 1st
ed. (Osama House Publications, 1404 AH - 1984 AD).
b. Diab, Hamid Al-Shafei.
1- Books and Libraries in Andalusia, 1st Edition, (Quba Printing and Publishing House,
Cairo, 1998 AD).
[45]. Dewidar, Hussein Yusef.
[46]. 3- The Andalusian Society in the Umayyad Era, 1st Edition, (Al-Hussein Islamic Press, Cairo,
1414 AH - 1994 AD).
[47]. Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmed (d. 748 AH / 1348 CE).
[48]. 4- Biography of the Flags of the Nobles, Tah: Shuaib Al-Anoot, 1st Edition, (The Resala
Foundation, Beirut, 1417 AH - 1996 AD)
[49]. 5- The lessons in the news from the dust, under: Abu Hajar Muhammad Al-Saeed bin Bassiouni, i
1,
[50]. 38- Al-Andalus in Quoting Al-Anwar, under: Emilio Molina and others (Supreme Council for
Scientific Research - Institute for Cooperation with the Arab World - Madrid - 1990).
a. Reda, Muhammad Saeed.
[51]. 39- Cultural links between Iraq and the Maghreb in the Abbasid era during the scientific trips, 1st
edition, (House of Cultural Affairs, Baghdad, 1991 AD).
[52]. Al-Zubaidi, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Al-Hassan (d. 379 AH / 989 AD).
[53]. 40- Layers of Grammarians and Linguists, Under: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, ed. 2, (Dar
Al-Maarif, 1984 AD).
[54]. Al-Zarkali, Khair al-Din.
[55]. 41- Al-Alam, 5th Edition, (House of Science for the Millions, Beirut, 2002 AD).
a. Al-Zahrawi, ......
[56]. 42- Al-Tasrif for one who is unable to write, the thirtieth article (Al-Zahrawi in al-Tibb, the work
of surgeons), ed. Muhammad Yasser Zakkour, (Reviving Arab Heritage, Ministry of Culture, Damascus,
2009).
[57]. Salem, Mr. Abdul Aziz.
[58]. 43- The History of the Muslims and their Antiquities in Andalusia, (Dar Al Ma'arif, Lebanon).
[59]. 44- Cordoba, the metropolis of the caliphate in Andalusia, (University Youth Foundation,
Alexandria)
[60]. Al-Sakhawi, Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman (d. 902 AH / 1496 CE).
[61]. 45- Al-Jawaher and Al-Durar in the translation of Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Hajar, translated by:
Ibrahim Bagis Abd Al-Majeed, (Dar Ibn Hazm, Beirut, Lebanon, 1419 AH - 1999 AD).
a. Ibn Saeed, Ali bin Saeed (d.685 AH / 1286 AD).
[62]. 46- Al-Maghrib in Maghrib ornaments, U: Dr. Shawky Dhaif, 4th floor, (Dar Al Maaref, Cairo,
1993).
[63]. Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din Abd al-Rahman (d.911 AH / 1505 CE).
[64]. 47- In the view of the Wa’a in the classes of linguists and grammarians, T: Muhammad Abu
Ibrahim, 1st Edition, (Isa Al-Halabi Press, 1384 AH - 1964).
[65]. Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil bin Aybak (d. 764 AH / 1362 CE).
[66]. 48- Al-Wafi with Fatalities - Under: Ahmad Al-Arnaout and others, ed. 1, (House of Revival of
Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1420 AH-2000 AD).
a. Al-Sufi, Khaled.
[67]. 49- History of the Arabs in Andalusia - The Age of the Emirate, 2nd Edition, (Publications of Qar
Yunis University, Faculty of Arts, 1980 AD).
[68]. Al-Dhbi, Ahmad bin Yahya bin Ahmed (d. 599 AH / 1202 AD).
[69]. 50- With the view of the petitioner in the history of the men of Andalusia, under: Ibrahim AlAbyari, 1st edition, (Lebanese Book House, Beirut, 1410 AH - 1989 AD).
a. Guest, Shawky.
[70]. 51- History of Arab Literature / The Era of the States and Emirates Al-Andalus, (Dar Al-Ma`rif,
Cairo, 1989 AD).
[71]. Tash, Major Zada, Ahmed bin Mustafa (d.968 AH / 1561 CE).
[72]. 52- The Key to Happiness and the Lamp of Sovereignty in Science Subjects, ed .: 1 ed. (Dar AlKutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1405 AH - 1985 AD).
[73]. Taha, Abdel Wahid Thanoun.
[74]. 53- Andalusian Studies, (Dar Al-Kutub for Printing, University of Mosul, 1986).
[75]. Al-Tahtawi, Sheikh Ali Ahmed Abdel-Al.
[76]. 54- Adverse fatwas regarding the difference between a bribe and a gift, (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Alami,
Beirut, d-T).
a. Al-Amiri, Muhammad Bashir,
[77]. 55- The scientific achievements of doctors in Andalusia and their impact on the civilizational
development in Europe / the Middle Ages (92-897AH / 711-1492AD), 1st Edition, (Dar Ghaida, 1437 AH -
2016 AD).
[78]. 56- Chapters on the Innovations of Medicine, (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut).
[79]. Al-Abadi, Ahmed Mukhtar.
[80]. 57- On the Abbasid and Andalusian History, (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Beirut, 1971 AD).
a. Ibn Asakir, Imam Al-Hafiz Abu Qasim Ali bin Al-Hassan bin Asaker (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD).
[81]. 58- History of the City of Damascus, under: Mustafa Abdel-Qader Atta, (Dar Al-Kotob AlIlmiyya, Beirut, 1971 AD).
[82]. Afifi, Muhammad Al-Sadiq.
[83]. 59- The development of scientific thought among Muslims, (Al-Khanji Library, Cairo, 1976 AD).
[84]. Ibn al-Imad, Abu al-Falah Abd al-Hayy bin Ahmed bin Muhammad (1089 AH / 1678 CE).
[85]. 60- Gold nuggets in gold news, under: Abd al-Qadir al-Arnaout, ed. 1, (Dar Ibn Katheer, Beirut,
1408 AH - 1988 AD).
a. Ibn Ayyad, Judge Ayyad bin Musa (d.544 AH / 1149 CE).
[86]. 61- Arranging perceptions and approximating paths to find the flags of the Malik sect, 2nd ed.
(Ministry of Endowments, Morocco 1403 AH - 1953 AD).
[87]. 62- Illuminating to know the origins of the novel and the restriction of hearing, under: Mr. Ahmed
Saqr, 1st Edition, (Dar Al Turath, Cairo, 1389 AH - 1970 AD).
[88]. Fathy Abdel Fattah
[89]. 63- Landmarks of Islamic culture in the first two centuries of the Hijra, (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyya,
Beirut, d-T).
[90]. Al-Farahidi, Al-Khalil bin Ahmed (d. 175 AH / 791 AD).
[91]. 64- Book Al-Ain, ed. Mahdi Makhzoumi and others, (Al-Hilal Library House, 2008 AD).
[92]. Ibn Farhoun, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ali (d. 799 AH / 1396 AD).
[93]. 65- - The doctrine of brocade on knowing the notables of the sect, under: Muhammad Al-Ahmadi,
(Dar Al-Turath, Cairo, 2011 AD).
a. Ibn Al-Fardi, Abu Al-Walid Abdullah bin Muhammad (403 AH / 1012 AD).
[94]. 66- History of the Scholars of Andalusia, under: Salah al-Din al-Hawari, 5th edition, (The Egyptian
Library House, Beirut, 1427 AH - 2006 CE)
[95]. Al-Qasttalani, Shihab al-Din Ahmad bin Muhammad (d. 923 AH / 1517 CE).
[96]. 67- Irshad al-Sari to explain Sahih al-Bukhari and its marginal Sahih Muslim, Sharh al-Nawawi,
7th edition, (Amiri Press, Bulaq, 1323 AH)
[97]. Ibn Qatlubga, Zain al-Din Qasim (d. 879 AH / 1474 CE).
[98]. 68- Trustworthy people who did not fall into the Six Books, under: Hamid Abdullah Al-Mahlawi,
(Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut)
[99]. Al-Qifti, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Yusuf (d.646 AH / 1248 CE).
[100]. 69- Scholars' news about the news of the wise men, commented on by: Ibrahim Shams al-Din, 1st
ed., (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1426 AH - 2005 AD).
[101]. Al-Kattani, Muhammad bin Jaafar (d. 1345 AH / 1926 AD).
[102]. 70- The Extreme Letter of a Well-Known Statement, Books of the Honorable Sunnah, Under:
Muhammad Al-Muntasir Bin Muhammad, 5th Edition, (Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, 1414 AH - 1993
AD)
a. As a case, Omar Rida.
[103]. 71- The Authors' Dictionary, 1 ed. (The Resala Foundation, Beirut, 1414 AH - 1993 AD).
[104]. Makhlouf, Muhammad bin Muhammad (762 AH / 1360 CE).
[105]. 72- The Most Beautiful Tree of Light in Tabaqat al-Malikiyah, under: Abd al-Majid Khayali, 1st
edition, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1424 AH - 2003 AD)
a. Al-Maqdisi, Abu Shama Abd al-Rahman bin Ismail (d.665 AH / 1266 CE).
[106]. 73- Explanation of Al-Shatibiyyah, entitled (The most prominent meanings from Harz al-Amani in
the Seven Recitations) by Imam al-Shatibi, under: Muhammad al-Sayyid Othman, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya,
Beirut, d-T).
[107]. 74- Nafah al-Tayyib, from Ghusn al-Andalus al-Rutayb, translated by Ihsan Abbas, (Dar Sader, Beirut, 1388 AH - 1968 AD).
a. Mulla, Ahmed Ali.
[108]. 75- The Impact of Muslim Scholars on European Civilization, 2nd Edition, (Dar Al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing, Damascus, 1399 AH - 1979 AD).
a. Le Bon, Gustav.
[109]. 76- Arab Civilization, Tr: Adel Zuaiter, (Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture, Egypt, 2012).
a. Al-Nabahi, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Abdullah (d. 792 AH / 1390 AD).
[110]. 77- The History of the Judges of Andalusia and named it (The Book of the Supreme Observatory of Who Deserves Judicial and Fatwa), under: The Committee for the Revival of Arab Heritage, 5th Edition, (publications of the New Horizons House, Beirut, 1403 AH - 1983 AD).
a. Ibn al-Nadim, Abu al-Faraj Muhammad bin Abi Ya'qub Ishaq (d. 384 AH / 1047 CE).
[111]. 77- Al-Fihrist, Tah: Reda- Tajdid, (Al-Mustafa Electronic Library).
[112]. 78- The End of Arb in the Arts of Literature, edited by: Mofida Qumaiha and others, ed. 1, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1424 AH - 2004 AD).
[113]. 79- The Sun of Arabia shines on the West, transferring it to Arabic: Farouk Baydoun and others, 8th floor, (Dar Al-Jeel, Dar Al-Horizon Al-Jadeeda, Beirut, 1413 AH - 1993 AD).
a. Yaqut al-Hamwi, Shihab al-Din Yaqut bin Abdullah (d.626 AH / 1229 CE).
[114]. 80- Al-Buldan Dictionary, U: Abdullah Bin Yahya, 2nd Edition, (Dar Sader, Beirut, 1995 AD).
[115]. Yassin, His Excellency Muhammad Ali.
[116]. 81- The scientific situation in Andalusia during the era of the Umayyad Emirate (138-316 AH /756-928 AD), MA Thesis, (An-Najah National University / Nablus / Palestine - 2017 AD).
[117]. Bani Yasin, Yusef Ahmed.
[118]. 82- Science of History in Andalusia until the end of the fourth century AH, 1st ed. (Hamada Foundation for University Studies, Jordan, 2002 AD).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
