KNOWLEDGE ON ASSOCIATION OF CLINICALLY PROVEN ALLERGY WITH PETS AT HOME- A SURVEY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/sc9kkg30Keywords:
Pets, allergy, allergen, factors, genetics, comorbidity factorsAbstract
Introduction: Rearing animals and birds at home is in practice in all cultures in the world; many families have a variety of pets. Pets are emotionally connected to family. Many pets have moved from outdoor protectors to indoor family members. When there is a high prevalence of pet keeping, pet allergens are also found relatively in higher concentrations. Humans are exposed to different kinds of allergies at least once in their lifetime. Some studies have shown that the frequency of allergic diseases has increased. Pet keeping was considered to be one of the risk factors for allergy development. Exposure to pet allergens in sensitive people causes diseases. Materials and method: An online and offline survey was conducted among 53 pet-keeping people. The data was collected, analyzed, and results were tabulated. Results: In this study, the results show 67.9% of the population participating have pets at home. 86.8% of the population have mostly dogs at their home. 52.8% of participant’s pets are staying outdoors. Conclusion: Animal danders are proven to be allergic to many clinical conditions. The study aims to associate allergy and having pets at home.
Downloads
References
[1] Podberscek AL, Paul ES, Serpell JA. Companion Animals and Us: Exploring the Relationships Between People and Pets [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2005. 335 p. Available from: https://books.google.com/books/about/Companion_Animals_and_Us.html?hl=&id=tSs2yV_F4n0C
[2] Lodge CJ, Allen KJ, Lowe AJ, Hill DJ, Hosking CS, Abramson MJ, et al. Perinatal Cat and Dog Exposure and the Risk of Asthma and Allergy in the Urban Environment: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies [Internet]. Vol. 2012, Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2012. p. 1–10. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/176484
[3] Nilsson OB, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Mammalian-derived respiratory allergens – Implications for diagnosis and therapy of individuals allergic to furry animals [Internet]. Vol. 66, Methods. 2014. p. 86–95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.002
[4] Díaz-Perales A, González-de-Olano D, Pérez-Gordo M, Pastor-Vargas C. Allergy to uncommon pets: new allergies but the same allergens. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2013 Dec 30;4:492. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00492
[5] Platts-Mills TAE. The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2015 Jul;136(1):3–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.048
[6] Dharmage SC, Lodge CL, Matheson MC, Campbell B, Lowe AJ. Exposure to cats: update on risks for sensitization and allergic diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep [Internet]. 2012 Oct;12(5):413–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0288-x
[7] Arbes SJ, Cohn RD, Yin M, Muilenberg ML, Friedman W, Zeldin DC. Dog allergen (Can f 1) and cat allergen (Fel d 1) in US homes: Results from the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing [Internet]. Vol. 114, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004. p. 111–7. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.036
[8] Wood RA, Johnson EF, Van Natta ML, Chen PH, Eggleston PA. A Placebo-controlled Trial of a HEPA Air Cleaner in the Treatment of Cat Allergy [Internet]. Vol. 158, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1998. p. 115–20. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.1.9712110
[9] Almqvist C, Larsson PH, Egmar A-C, Hedrén M, Malmberg P, Wickman M. School as a risk environment for children allergic to cats and a site for transfer of cat allergen to homes [Internet]. Vol. 103, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999. p. 1012–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70172-7
[10] Briner TJ, Kuo MC, Keating KM, Rogers BL, Greenstein JL. Peripheral T-cell tolerance induced in naive and primed mice by subcutaneous injection of peptides from the major cat allergen Fel d I [Internet]. Vol. 90, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1993. p. 7608–12. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.16.7608
[11] Emara M, Royer P-J, Abbas Z, Sewell HF, Mohamed GG, Singh S, et al. Recognition of the Major Cat Allergen Fel d 1 through the Cysteine-rich Domain of the Mannose Receptor Determines Its Allergenicity [Internet]. Vol. 286, Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2011. p. 13033–40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.220657
[12] Kennedy PF, McGarvey MG. Animal-companion depictions in women‟s magazine advertising [Internet]. Vol. 61, Journal of Business Research. 2008. p. 424–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.013
[13] Lim PS, Li J, Holloway AF, Rao S. Epigenetic regulation of inducible gene expression in the immune system. Immunology [Internet]. 2013 Jul;139(3):285–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12100
[14] Breton CV, Byun H-M, Wang X, Salam MT, Siegmund K, Gilliland FD. DNA Methylation in the Arginase– Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway Is Associated with Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma [Internet]. Vol. 184, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2011. p. 191–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201012-2029oc
[15] Marickar RF, Geetha RV, Neelakantan P. Efficacy of contemporary and novel Intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Pediatr Dent [Internet]. 2014 Autumn;39(1):47–50. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.39.1.wmw9768314h56666
[16] Paramasivam A, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Raghunandhakumar S. N6-adenosine methylation (m6A): a promising new molecular target in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res [Internet]. 2020 Feb;43(2):153–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0338-z
[17] Vaishali M, Geetha RV. Antibacterial activity of Orange peels oil on Streptococcus mutans and EnterococcusAn In-vitro study [Internet]. Vol. 11, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018. p. 513. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00094.x
[18] Girija As S, Priyadharsini J V. CLSI based antibiogram profile and the detection of MDR and XDR strains isolated from urine samples. Med J Islam Repub Iran [Internet]. 2019 Feb 8;33:3. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.33.3
[19] Shahzan MS, Sohaib Shahzan M, Smiline Girija AS, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J. A computational study targeting the mutated L321F of ERG11 gene in C. Albicans, associated with fluconazole resistance with bioactive compounds from Acacia nilotica [Internet]. Vol. 29, Journal de Mycologie Médicale. 2019. p. 303–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100899
[20] Ashwin KS, Muralidharan NP. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) vs Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Indian J Med Microbiol [Internet]. 2015 Feb;33 Suppl:166–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.150976
[21] Girija SA, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. Prevalence of VIM- and GIM-producing Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with severe urinary tract infection. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1;65(4):539–50. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.65.2018.038
[22] Girija ASS, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Paramasivam A. Plasmid-encoded resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole mediated by dfrA1, dfnA5, sul1 and sul2 among Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urine samples of patients with severe urinary tract infection. J Glob Antimicrob Resist [Internet]. 2019 Jun;17:145–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2019.04.001
[23] Priyadharsini JV, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Smiline Girija AS, Paramasivam A. An insight into the emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii as an oro-dental pathogen and its drug resistance gene profile – An in silico approach [Internet]. Vol. 4, Heliyon. 2018. p. e01051. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01051
[24] Pratha AA, Ashwatha Pratha A, Geetha RV. Awareness of Hepatitis-B vaccination among dental students-A Questionnaire Survey [Internet]. Vol. 10, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017. p. 1360. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00240.2
[25] Shahana RY, Muralidharan NP. Efficacy of mouth rinse in maintaining the oral health of patients attending orthodontic clinics [Internet]. Vol. 9, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016. p. 1991. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2016.00406.6
[26] Selvakumar R, Np M. COMPARISON IN BENEFITS OF HERBAL MOUTHWASHES WITH CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASH: A REVIEW [Internet]. Vol. 10, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2017. p. 3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.13304
[27] Smiline A, Vijayashree JP, Paramasivam A. Molecular characterization of plasmid-encoded blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs] producing Acinetobacter baumannii. Br J Biomed Sci [Internet]. 2018 Oct;75(4):200–2. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2018.1492207
[28] M MA, Geetha RV, Thangavelu L. Evaluation evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Laurus nobilis-an in vitro study of anti-inflammatory action of Laurus nobilis-an in vitro study [Internet]. Vol. 10, International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019. p. 1209–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.408
[29] Priyadharsini JV, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J, Smiline Girija AS, Paramasivam A. In silico analysis of virulence genes in an emerging dental pathogen A. baumannii and related species [Internet]. Vol. 94, Archives of Oral Biology. 2018. p. 93–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.001
[30] Konradsen JR, Fujisawa T, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Hilger C, Kleine-Tebbe J, et al. Allergy to furry animals: New insights, diagnostic approaches, and challenges [Internet]. Vol. 135, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2015. p. 616–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.026
[31] Enberg RN, Shamie SM, McCullough J, Ownby DR. Ubiquitous presence of cat allergen in cat-free buildings: probable dispersal from human clothing. Ann Allergy [Internet]. 1993 Jun;70(6):471–4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8507041
[32] Fernández C, Cárdenas R, Martín D, Garcimartín M, Romero S, de la Cámara AG, et al. Analysis of skin testing and serum-specific immunoglobulin E to predict airway reactivity to cat allergens [Internet]. Vol. 37, Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2007. p. 391–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02659.x
[33] Herre J, Grönlund H, Brooks H, Hopkins L, Waggoner L, Murton B, et al. Allergens as Immunomodulatory Proteins: The Cat Dander Protein Fel d 1 Enhances TLR Activation by Lipid Ligands [Internet]. Vol. 191, The Journal of Immunology. 2013. p. 1529–35. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1300284
[34] Hollingsworth JW, Maruoka S, Boon K, Garantziotis S, Li Z, Tomfohr J, et al. In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergic airway disease in mice [Internet]. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci34378
[35] Selgrade MK, Blain RB, Fedak KM, Cawley MA. The potential risk of asthma associated with in utero exposure to xenobiotics [Internet]. Vol. 99, Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 2013. p.1–13. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.21028
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
