Families’ Psychological Fragility during an Emergency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/t37dvm88Keywords:
traffic accident, psychological of family, critical ill, emergencyAbstract
Critical conditions due to traffic accidents are situational crises for families which result in a disruption in the stability of the equilibrium and cause psychological problems to family members. This study aimed to explore the psychological reaction experienced by the families of traffic accident victims who were treated in the emergency room in a critical condition. A qualitative interpretive phenomenology approach was applied as the research design. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants according to the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were the nuclear family, families of critically traumatized patients and who were able to communicate. There were 10 participants involved in this study. Data collection was conducted via the semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by Braun and Clarke Thematic Analysis. Five overarching themes emerged from this study. Firstly, the family feels "denial reaction to an accident" and when the patient is critical, they become "fearful of losing a loved one". This situation makes them "vulnerable to fragility" and in the end "give up hope". The physical condition of the patient and the loss of family members can be the traumatic effect of an accident. Interestingly, we found that a critical situation leads to a closer relationship within family members. The emotional response felt by the family member provides an overview of the family's feelings in a state of grieving and they need support from other people including health care providers. Appropriate coping mechanisms and family support are important to prevent fragility in the families of critical patients in the emergency room.
Downloads
References
[1] Jordan, “Effect of Driving Duration on EEG Fluctuations,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2013, doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
[2] A. Jusuf, I. P. Nurprasetio, and A. Prihutama, “Macro data analysis of traffic accidents in Indonesia,” J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 133–144, 2017, doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.1.8.
[3] S. P. Santosa, A. I. Mahyuddin, and F. G. Sunoto, “Anatomy of injury severity and fatality in Indonesian traffic accidents,” J. Eng. Technol. Sci., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 412–422, 2017, doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.3.9.
[4] C. D. Mathers and D. Loncar, “Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030,” PLoS Med., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 2011–2030, 2006, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.
[5] R. Indawati et al., “The Probability of the Traffic Accidents on Students Rachmah Indawati 1 *, Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin 2 1.”
[6] E. R. Casey et al., “Analysis of traumatic injuries presenting to a referral hospital emergency department in Moshi, Tanzania,” Int. J. Emerg. Med., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1, 2012, doi: 10.1186/1865-1380-5-28.
[7] T. Kinrade, A. C. Jackson, and J. E. Tomnay, “The psychosocial needs of families during critical illness: Comparison of nurses’ and family members’ perspectives,” Aust. J. Adv. Nurs., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 82–88, 2009.
[8] G. W. Doherty, “Crisis in Rural America : Critical Incident, Trauma and Disasters", Traumatolog, vol. 10, no. 3, 2004.
[9] J. Carlson and S. B. Dermer, “Trauma and Families,” SAGE Encycl. Marriage, Fam. Couples Couns.,
pp. 1–4, 2016, doi: 10.4135/9781483369532.n519.
[10] J. Donaldson-Andersen, “The nurse’s role in supporting patients and family in sharing personal accounts of traumatic events: A personal experience,” J. Trauma Nurs., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 134–140, 2017, doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000276.
[11] J. M. Morse and C. Pooler, “Patient-family-nurse interactions in the trauma-resuscitation room,” Am. J. Crit. Care, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 240—249, May 2002.
[12] R. Endacott, “Concepts of survival following critical illness,” Illn. Cris. Loss, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 249– 257, 2011, doi: 10.2190/IL.19.3.d.
[13] V. Vandall-Walker and A. M. Clark, “It starts with access! A grounded theory of family members working to get through critical illness,” J. Fam. Nurs., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 148–181, 2011, doi: 10.1177/1074840711406728.
[14] S. T. L. Verhaeghe, J. F. van Zuuren, T. Defloor, M. S. H. Duijnstee, and M. H. F. Grypdonck, “The process and the meaning of hope for family members of traumatic coma patients in intensive care,” Qual. Health Res., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 730–743, 2007, doi: 10.1177/1049732307303242.
[15] V. Braun and V. Clarke, “Using thematic analysis in psychology,” Qual. Res. Psychol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–101, 2006, doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
[16] V. Clarke and V. Braun, “Teaching thematic analysis : Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning Associate Professor in Sexuality Studies Department of Psychology Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of the West of England Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY [email protected] Virginia Braun Senior Lecturer Department of Psychology The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand,” vol. 26, pp. 120–123, 2013.
[17] C. J. Golics, M. K. A. Basra, A. Y. Finlay, and S. Salek, “The impact of disease on family members: A critical aspect of medical care,” J. R. Soc. Med., vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 399–407, 2013, doi: 10.1177/0141076812472616.
[18] E. Iverson et al., “Critical illness research involving collection of genomic data: The conundrum posed by low levels of genomic literacy among surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients,” J. Empir. Res. Hum. Res. Ethics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 53–57, 2013, doi: 10.1525/jer.2013.8.3.53.
[19] F. Del Casale, “Supporting Terminally Ill Patients and Their Families Using Refocalization Psychology and Transactional Analysis,” Trans. Anal. J., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 182–188, 2001, doi: 10.1177/036215370103100306.
[20] R. T. Masia, W. J. Basson, and G. A. Ogunbanjo, “Emotional reactions of medical doctors and students following the loss of their patients at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital emergency unit, South Africa,” South African Fam. Pract., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 356–363, 2010, doi: 10.1080/20786204.2010.10874006.
[21] J. Demidenko, P. Routasalo, M. Helminen, P. Åstedt-Kurki, E. Paavilainen, and T. Suominen, “Family health evaluated by family members of older patients and nurses in emergency departments,” Nord. J. Nurs. Res., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 38–47, 2018, doi: 10.1177/2057158517711321.
[22] M. Chan, A. Lake, and K. Hansen, “The early years: silent emergency or unique opportunity?,” Lancet, vol. 389, no. 10064, pp. 11–13, 2017, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31701-9.
[23] M. c. k. Tai, R. c. h. Cheng, and T. h. Rainer, “Trauma systems: Do trauma teams make a difference?,”
Trauma, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 294–299, 2011, doi: 10.1177/1460408611405294.
[24] D. Kira, Ibrahim Aref Ph, “Taxonomy of Trauma and Trauma Assessment Ibrahim Aref Kira, Ph.D.,”
Traumatology (Tallahass. Fla)., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 73–86, 2001.
[25] B. Plant, “Psychological Trauma in the Police Service,” Int. J. Police Sci. Manag., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 327–349, 2001, doi: 10.1177/146135570100300405.
[26] L. R. Øvstedal, D. Moe, A. Dyregrov, and K. Dyregrov, “Young Road Fatalities: Consequences for Life Quality and the Role of Transport Authorities,” Omega (United States), vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 69–91, 2017, doi: 10.1177/0030222817698992.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
